UNIT 4.
SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM
A. LANGUAGE FOCUS
THANH LOC HIGH SCHOOL
October, 2021
SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM
UNIT 4
E. LANGUAGE FOCUS
I. Pronunciation:
Stress in three-syllable words
1. Những từ tận cùng bằng những tiếp vị ngữ như: -sion, -tion, -ic, -ical, -ity, -ial, -ially, -itive, -logy, -etry, -cious, -tious thường có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đứng trước tiếp vị ngữ đó.
Ex: a`bility, bi`ology, `musical, e`sentially
Except: `television, `politics…
* Một số quy tắc về trọng âm
2. Những từ tận cùng bằng những tiếp vị ngũ như: -ate, -ise, -ous, -ary thường có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 tính từ sau lên.
Ex: fortunate, necessary, dictionary
Ex: maintain, addressee, questionaire, engineer, volunteer. technique
3. Những từ tận cùng bằng những tiếp vị ngữ như: -ee, -eer, -ese, -ain, -aire, - ique, -esque thường có trọng âm rơi vào chính tiếp vị ngữ này.
4. Một số tiếp đầu ngữ và tiếp vị ngữ không làm thay đổi trọng âm chính của từ gốc
- Một số tiếp đầu ngữ: un-, im-, ir-, dis-, il-, non-, re-, over-, pre- và under-
Ex: `possible (có thể) → im`possible (không thể)
`estimate (ước tính) → under`estimate
Ex: `possible (có thể) → im`possible (không thể)
`estimate (ước tính) → under`estimate
- Một số tiếp vị ngữ: -ment, -ship, -ness, -er/or, -hood, -logy, -grahpy, -ing, -ise, -en, -full, -less, -able, -ous, -ly
III. Consolidation
Exercise 2: Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest:
1. A. carefully
B. actually
C. consider
D. similar
2. A. general
B. October
C. applicant
D. usually
3. A. apartment
B. algebra
C. politics
D. musical
4. A. different
B. nursery
C. history
D. eleven
5 . A. finally
B. chemistry
C. mechanic
D. cinema
UNIT 4
E. LANGUAGE FOCUS
I. Pronunciation
II. Grammar
SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM
Review the passive voice
General form: to be + Vp.p
Active:
Passive:
S +
O
S +
BE + V3, ed +
V +
(By +O)
Ex:
The dog bit the boy
The boy was bitten by the dog
S +
O
S +
BE + V3, ed +
V +
By +O
1. Passive voice in simple present tense :
S + is/am/are + V p.p
Ex: My cat catches a mouse
A mouse is caught by my cat
2. Passive voice in present continuous tense :
S + is/am/are + being + V p.p
People are building a house for an old woman
A house is being built for an old woman
Ex:
3. Passive voice in simple past tense :
S + was/were + V p.p
Ex: They built a new school in Quang Khe last year
A new school was built in Quang Khe last year
4. Passive voice in past continuous tense :
S + was/were + being + V p.p
5. Passive voice in present perfect tense
6. Passive voice in past perfect tense
S + have/has + been + V p.p
S + had + been + V p.p
7. Passive voice in future simple tense:
S + will + be + V p.p
8. Passive voice in modal verbs.
can
could
S + must + be + Vp.p
might
will / shall
….
9. Passive voice with “to be going to.”
S + is/am/are + going to be + V p.p
10. Passive voice with “have to.”
S + have to/ has to + be + V p.p
Grammar: Passive voice
2. Notes
1. Câu có 2 tân ngữ -> chọn tân ngữ chỉ người làm Chủ ngữ câu bị động.
2. Vị trí trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên:
be + trạng từ + Vp.p
3. Cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn đặt trước “by + O” , cụm từ chỉ thời gian đặt sau “by + O”trong câu bị động.
4. Câu chủ động có S là: They, people, we, someone… -> không dùng “ by + O “ trong câu bị động.
5. Các thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn không dùng dạng bị động
6. Hình thức V-ing sau see/hear…. =>Khi chuyển sang bị động giữ nguyên
10. Some special passive forms:
1. S1 + V1 (reported) + that + S2 + V2 + O2
-> It + is/was +Vpp + that + S2 + V2 + O2
-> S2 + be + Vpp + to-inf/ to have + pp …
2. Imperative mood : Let + O + be + Vp.p
Take off your hat!
-> Let your hat be taken off
3. S + have + O( person) + V + O (thing)
-> S + have + O (thing) + Vp.p (+ by…..)
4. S + get + O( person) + to V + O (thing)
-> S + have + O (thing) + Vp.p (+ by…..)
5. S + can/could + be + Vp.p
->S + can/could + be + Vp.p
6. S+ must/had to + be + Vp.p
-> S+ must/had to + be + Vp.p
6. Let -> be allowed/permitted

Answers
1. is divided
2. is separated
3. is set / must be followed
4. is made
5. is paid
6. are selected

Exercise 1: Fill each blank with the simple present passive form of the verb in brackets.
Exercise 2
Rewrite the following sentences using the passive voice
1. They built this school in 1997.
2. They first published this dictionary in 1870
3. The students in my class are going to organize a surprise party tomorrow evening.
4. They are painting the kitchen now.
5. Shakespeare wrote “ Romeo and Juliet” in 1605.
6. They have translated Shakespeare’s tragedies into many languages.
7. They have just built a new primary school in my village.
8. They will speak English at the conference
9. Jane hasn’t cleaned the floor yet.
10. They will repaint the house soon.
1. They built this school in 1997.
- This school was built in 1997
2. They first published this dictionary in 1870
This dictionary was first published in 1870.
3. The students in my class are going to organize a surprise party tomorrow evening?
A surprise party is going to be organized by the students in my class tomorrow evening.
4. They are painting the kitchen now.
The kitchen is being painted now.
5. Shakespeare wrote “Romeo and Juliet” in 1605.
“ Romeo and Juliet” was written by Shakespeare in 1605.
6. They have translated Shakespeare’s tragedies into many languages.
Shakespeare’s tragedies have been translated into many languages.
7. They have just built a new primary school in my village.
A new primary school has been built in your village.
8 They will speak English at the conference
B: English will be spoken at the conference.
9. Jane hasn’t cleaned the floor yet.
The floor hasn’t been cleaned yet by Jane.
10. They will repaint the house soon.
The house will be repainted soon.
The world’s first electronic computer ………………. … (1. build) by the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. However, computers ……………. (2. sell) commercially for the first time in the 1950s. Much progress on computers ………………. (3. make) since 1950. Computers are now much smaller and more powerful and they ……………….. (4. can buy) much more cheaply.
Computers ……………….. (5. use) in many fields – in business, science, medicine and education, for example. They ………………. (6. can use) to forecast the weather or to control robots which make cars. The computer’s memory is the place where information ………………. (7. store) and calculations ………………. (8. do). A computer cannot think for itself – it …………….. (9.must tell) exactly what to do. A lot of difficult calculations ……………………. (10. can do) very quickly on computers.
4. Practice :Exercise 3: Give the correct tense in passive voice of the verbs in brackets
Unit 4: School education system
Period 36 : E – LANGUAGE FOCUS
was built
were sold
has been made
can be bought
are used
is stored
can be used
are done
must be told
can be done