I. WRAM-UP
Pictures
Viet Nam - Then and Now
village chief smoking a water pipe, 1916
(Ông lý trưởng bên bình thuốc lào)
A district chief and district authorities gathered at the town hall, 1915
(Chức sắc ở một ngôi làng ở Hà Nội)
Priestess of the cult of the 3 worlds, 1916
(một bà đồng bóng)
Haiphong, 1915
(Sông Tam Bạc Haiphong)
Buddhist Temple on the road to Tam Dao, June 4, 1916
(Chùa trên đường lên Tam Đảo)
Cầu Long Biên (tên Pháp đặt là cầu Paul Doumer) - 1915
Mandarin militaire, mandarin chef de province et préfet en costume d’audience solennelle, 1915, vers Hanoi
(1915 - Quan đầu tỉnh trong phẩm phục nghi lễ, gần Hà Nội)
Groupe de notables, environ de Hanoi, vers 1920
(Các hương chức gần Hà Nội, khoảng 1920)
Tonkin - Hanoi: Two opium smokers drinking tea, 1915
(Hai ông nghiện ngồi uống trà và hút thuốc lào trong một tiệm hút - Hà Nội 1915)
Objectives
- By the end of the lesson, Ss can:
- Use the lexical items related to changes in transport systems, family groups and school life in Viet Nam in the past and at present
- Use the past perfect correctly
- Use the structure adj + to-infinitive and adj + that-clause correctly
- Do the activites
II. GRAMMAR I
Past perfect: review
FORM:
[had + past participle]
Examples:
- You had studied English before you moved to New York.
- Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
- You had not studied English before you moved to New York.
- John had gone out when I arrived in the office.
- I had saved my document before the computer crashed.
- When they arrived we had already started cooking.
- He was very tired because he hadn`t slept well.
Past perfect: review
We use the past perfect tense:
* for something that started in the past and continued up to a given time in the past:
- When George died he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years.
- She didn’t want to move. She had lived in Liverpool all her life.
* for something we had done several times up to a point in the past and continued to do after that point:
- He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager.
- He had written three books and he was working on another one.
Past perfect: review
We use the past perfect tense:
* when we are reporting our experience and including up to the (then) present:
- My eighteenth birthday was the worst day I had ever had.
- I was pleased to meet George. I hadn’t met him before, even though I had met his wife several times.
* for something that happened in the past but is important at the time of reporting:
- I couldn’t get into the house. I had lost my keys.
- Teresa wasn’t at home. She had gone shopping.
1. Fill in each blank with the past perfect form of the verb in brackets.
1. Before the 1990s, trams (be) ___________ a popularmeans of transport in Ha Noi.
2. I won the game because I (play) ___________ it a lot with my brother.
3. How long ________ you (use) ________ your mobile phone before it broke down?
4. Before the invention of television, people ___________ only (see) _______________ films at the cinema.
5. Before the 1990s, Viet Nam (have) _________________ an old banking system.
6. Viet Nam (experience) _____________ decades of fighting for freedom before the country became totally independent.
Suggested (Grammar 1):
1. Before the 1990s, trams (be) …………. a popularmeans of transport in Ha Noi.
2. I won the game because I (play) ……………. it a lot with my brother.
3. How long …….. you (use) …….. your mobile
phone before it broke down?
4. Before the invention of television, people ……. only (see)
…….. films at the cinema.
5. Before the 1990s, Viet Nam (have) …….…. an old
banking system.
6. Viet Nam (experience) ……………….. decades of fighting for freedom before the country became totally independent.
had been
had played
had
used
had
seen
had had
had experienced
2. Ask and answer the following questions using the cues.
Example:
How long had King Duc Duc ruled our country before he was overthrown?
He had ruled the country for only three days.
2. Ask and answer the following questions using the cues.
1. - What/family groups/Vietnamese people/live in before 1990?
- They/live/extended family.
2. - How/people in Viet Nam/travel/before the first motorbike/imported?
- They/travel/bicycle.
3. - How/Vietnamese people/live/before the open-door policy in 1986?
- They/had/harder life.
4. - Where/your family/spend/holidays/before 2005?
- We/holidays/Viet Nam/only/before then.
5. -Who/rule/Viet Nam right before the Tran dynasty?
- Ly Chieu Hoang/rule/before the Tran dynasty.
Suggested (Grammar 2)
1. - What/family groups/Vietnamese people/live in before 1990?
- They/live/extended family.
- What family groups had Vietnamese people lived in before 1990?
- They had lived in extended families.
2. - How/people in Viet Nam/travel/before the first motorbike/imported?
- They/travel/bicycle.
- How had people in Viet Nam travelled before the first motorbike was imported?
- They had travelled by bicycle.
3. - How/Vietnamese people/live/before the open-door policy in 1986?
- They/had/harder life.
- How had Vietnamese people lived before the open-door policy in 1986?
- They had had a harder life.
Suggested (Grammar 2)
4. - Where/your family/spend/holidays/before 2005?
- We/holidays/Viet Nam/only/before then.
- Where had your family spent holidays before 2005?
- We had spent our holidays only in Viet Nam before then.
5. - Who/rule/Viet Nam right before the Tran dynasty?
- Ly Chieu Hoang/rule/before the Tran dynasty.
- Who had ruled Viet Nam right before the Tran dynasty?
- Ly Chieu Hoang had ruled the country before the Tran dynasty.
III. GRAMMAR II
Adjective + to-infinitive/Adjective + that-clause
Read this part of the conversation from GETTING STARTED. Pay attention to the underlined part.
Phuc:
Wow, that long ago? The school looks... and the walls were made of mud and straw and, look – trenches!
Duong:
I think that was during the war so it was necessary to have the trenches right there.
Adjective + to-infinitive/Adjective + that-clause
1. It + be + adjective + to-infinitive is used to emphasise information by bringing it to the front of the clause. We can add for/of + noun/pronoun.
Example:
It is necessary (for you) to know about your country’s history.
2. Subject + be + adjective + to-infinitive is used to express emotions, confidence, or worries... Adjectives can be happy, glad, pleased, relieved, sorry, certain, sure, confident, convinced, afraid, annoyed, astonished, aware, conscious.
Example:
I was happy to hear from you.
3. Subject + be + adjective + that-clause is used to express emotions (glad, pleased, relieved, sorry), confidence, or worries (certain, sure, confident, convinced, afraid, annoyed, astonished, aware, conscious).
Example:
I was glad that you gained the scholarship.
3. Match the first half of the sentence in A with the second half in B.
A
B
1. It was smart of her
2. It was brave of him
3. It was kind of her
4. It was unprofessional of her
5. It is useful for us
6. It is hard for us
A. to stay in the old house alone the
whole night.
B. to lend me her book.
C. to get along with people from other cultures.
D. to know about how our people used to live in the past.
E. to be late for the meeting.
F. to be able to solve the maths
problem.
Suggested (Grammar 3)
A
B
1. It was smart of her
2. It was brave of him
3. It was kind of her
4. It was unprofessional of her
5. It is useful for us
6. It is hard for us
A. to stay in the old house alone the
whole night.
B. to lend me her book.
C. to get along with people from other cultures.
D. to know about how our people used to live in the past.
E. to be late for the meeting.
F. to be able to solve the maths
problem.
4. Fill in each blank with one adjective from the box. More than one adjective can be used.
1. I was ___________ to meet my best friend yesterday.
2. He is ___________ to have so little time for his family.
3. They were ___________ to finish their last performance.
4. She’s ___________ to get the job. The interview went really well.
5. The mother was _______________ to hear that her smart son failed the exam.
6. All the students were ____________ to have passed the exams.
Suggested (Grammar 4)
1. I was ……………... to meet my best friend yesterday.
2. He is ……. to have so little time for his family.
3. They were ……………… to finish their last performance.
4. She’s ………………. to get the job. The interview went really well.
5. The mother was …………………….….. to hear that her smart son failed the exam.
6. All the students were ……………..……. to have passed the exams.
glad/pleased
sorry
sorry/pleased
sure/certain
surprised/astonished
relieved/pleased
5. Create one sentence by combining each pair of sentences using subject + be + adjective + that-clause.
Example:
The traffic problems of the city had been solved. The Prime Minister was pleased.
→ The Prime Minister was pleased that the traffic problems of the city had been solved.
1. We did well in the exam. We were relieved about that.
We ________________________________________________________.
2. I am sorry about the school facilities our parents had. They were very poor.
I __________________________________________________________.
3. Everyone was glad. The government had decided to invest more in education.
Everyone ____________________________________________________.
4. It will be much safer to have elevated walkways and underpass systems for
pedestrians. Everyone is aware of this.
Everyone____________________________________________________
5. Life in the countryside has improved considerably. All of us are delighted
about that.
All of us ____________________________________________________.
Suggested (Grammar 5)
1. We did well in the exam. We were relieved about that.
We ……………………………………………………..
2. I am sorry about the school facilities our parents had. They were very poor.
I …………………………………………………………..
3. Everyone was glad. The government had decided to invest more in education.
Everyone …………………………………………………………………………..
……………………….
4. It will be much safer to have elevated walkways and underpass systems for
pedestrians. Everyone is aware of this.
Everyone …………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………..
5. Life in the countryside has improved considerably. All of us are delighted
about that.
All of us …………………………………………………………………………….
……………….
were relieved that we had done well in the exam
am sorry that our parents had very poor school facilities
was glad that the government had decided to invest more in education
is aware that it will be much safer to have elevated walkways and
underpass systems for pedestrians
are delighted that life in the countryside has improved considerably
6. Finish the following sentences using your own ideas. Then compare your ideas with a partner.
1. It was kind of them ____________________________.

2. They were certain to ___________________________.

3. She is confident that ___________________________.

4. He was afraid that _____________________________.

5. The teachers are aware that _____________________.

6. The head teacher was astonished to_______________.
Suggested (Grammar 6)
1. It was kind of them …………………………………………..….

2. They were certain to …………………………………………………….

3. She is confident that …………………………………………...

4. He was afraid that ………………………………………………………..

5. The teachers are aware that ……………………………………………

6. The head teacher was astonished to …………………………………..
………………………
to support the victims after the disaster
be able to build the country into a powerful one
Viet Nam has good potential for tourism
there would be less land for agriculture in Viet Nam
non-academic subjects are also significant
learn that some of his students could
not get scholarships
- Learn the grammar: Use the past perfect correctly; Use the structure adj + to-infinitive and adj + that-clause correctly
- Prepare for lesson 4 (Communication)
Homework