52 Patterns of Proposition II
Trương Văn Ánh
Trường Đại học Sài Gòn

26. Numbers and Quantifiers
Quantifiers are one, some, all of, twelve,
another, first, third, etc.
Ex: I have 2 brothers.
1. HAVE, I, BROTHERS
2. BROTHERS, 2
Ex: The ox eats some corns.
1. EATS, THE OX, CORNS
2. CORNS, SOME

Ex: The ox eats the corns.
1. EATS, THE OX, THE CORNS [EATS, OX,
CORNS]
Ex: He went to both North and South Vietnam.
1. WENT, HE, WHERE
2. WHERE = TO NORTH VIETNAM
3. WHERE = TO SOUTH VIETNAM
4. BOTH 2,3
Ex: He went to both places.
1. WENT, HE, WHERE
2. WHERE = TO PLACES
3. PLACES, BOTH

Ex: She can remember one day 10 below zero.
1. CAN REMEMBER, SHE, ONE DAY
2. (WAS), ONE DAY, 10 BELOW ZERO
Ex: I was in 4th grade.
1. WAS, I, WHERE
2. WHERE = IN GRADE
3. GRADE, 4TH

27. Time/Height/Age/Weight Constructions
Ex: She is 60 kilos heavy.
1. IS, SHE, KILOS HEAVY
2. KILOS HEAVY, 60
Ex: He is short.
1.IS SHORT, HE [SHORT, HE]
Ex: Robert is 15 years old.
1. IS, ROBERT, YEARS OLD.
2. YEARS OLD, 15

Ex: Robert is 15.
1. IS, ROBERT, 15 (Y.O.)
Ex: It was 60 years ago.
1. WAS, IT, YEARS AGO
2. YEARS AGO, 60

28. Time and Space Constructions
Ex: He smiled the whole way to school.
1. SMILED, HE
2. TO SCHOOL
3. SMILED, THE WHOLE WAY
Ex: We had to be out of the city by 6 or 7 in the
morning.
1. HAD TO BE, WE
2. OF THE CITY
3. OF, OUT
4. 6 OR 7
5. BY 6 OR 7
6. IN THE MORNING

29. Time and Location Nominals
They are Tuesday, there, here, once a year, etc.
Ex: Sunday she will go fishing there.
1. WILL GO FISHING, SHE WHEN WHERE
2. WHEN=(ON) SUNDAY
3. WHERE= THERE
Ex: Where are you going?
1. ARE GOING, YOU, WHERE
2. WHERE = (TO) WHERE

Ex: Grandma tells them a story every night.
1. TELLS, GRANDMA, A STORY
2. (TO) THEM
3. WHEN=NIGHT
4. NIGHT, EVERY
Ex: He was there.
1. WAS, HE, WHERE
2. THERE
Ex: It was 2008.
1. WAS, IT, 2008

30. Intensifiers
They are really, very, extremely, so, etc.
Ex: He was so excited.
1. WAS EXCITED, HE
2. EXCITED, SO
Ex: Really, the dog liked bone.
1. LIKED, THE DOG, BONE
2. (LIKED, THE DOG, BONE) REALLY [1, REALLY]
Ex: Really excellent students come here.
1. COME, STUDENTS, WHERE
2. WHERE = HERE
3. STUDENTS, EXCELLENT
4. EXCELLENT, REALLY

Ex: I mean, this land was abundant.
1. I MEAN
2. WAS, THIS LAND, ABUNDANT [ABUNDANT,
THIS LAND]
3. LAND, THIS
Lexical Filler
Ex: And it was nice, I mean, to go to the party.
1. I MEAN
2. WAS NICE, IT
3. TO GO, (HE), TO THE PARTY

Ex: He was gone a long long time.
1. WAS GONE, HE
2. (FOR) A TIME
3. TIME, LONG
4. LONG, LONG
Ex: She is very very nice.
1. IS NICE, SHE
2. NICE, VERY
3. VERY, VERY

31. Reflexive Pronouns
Myself, yourself, himself, etc.
They are used as intensifiers.
Ex: The castle itself was beautiful.
1. WAS BEAUTIFUL, THE CASTLE
2. CASTLE, ITSELF

Reflexive pronoun as object
Ex: He bought it for himself.
1. BOUGHT, HE, IT
2. FOR HIMSELF

32. “Of” Phrases
They are “kind of”, “some of”, “one of”.
Ex: Some of the workers were happy.
1. WERE, THE WORKERS, HAPPY
2. WORKERS, SOME OF
Ex: Some workers were happy.
1. WERE HAPPY, WORKERS
2. WORKERS, SOME

Ex: Some of us had been to Ha Long before.
1. HAD BEEN, US
2. US, SOME OF
3. TO HA LONG
4. WHEN = BEFORE
Ex: The dog was kind of short.
1. WAS, THE DOG, SHORT
2. SHORT, KIND OF

33. Prepositional Phrases
Formation: in/on/at/from/under/below, etc. +
Noun (Vineeta Chand et al [26]).
Ex: He lived in Son La.
1. LIVED, HE
2. IN SON LA
Ex: It was in 1975.
1. WAS, IT, IN 1975
Ex: It was on time.
1. WAS, IT, ON TIME

Ex: The cat jumped over the grey fence.
1. JUMPED, THE CAT
2. OVER THE FENCE
3. FENCE, GREY
Ex: The duck lives out in the country.
1. LIVES, THE DUCK, WHERE
2. WHERE = IN THE COUNTRY
3. OUT, IN

Ex: He went back into London.
1. WENT BACK, HE (PHRASAL)
2. INTO LONDON
Adverbs in form of prepositions
Ex: The duck lives out.
1. LIVES, THE DUCK, WHERE
2. WHERE = OUT

34. Negatives and Exclamations
They are “yes” and “no” (Vineeta Chand et al [26]).
Ex: The dog didn't eat grass.
1. DID EAT, THE DOG, GRASS
2. NEG N'T
Ex: The dog no longer drinks milk.
1. DRINKS, THE DOG, MILK
2. NEG NO LONGER
Ex: Yes, it did drop.
1. AFF YES
2. DID DROP, IT

35. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are used in compound and complex
sentences.
Ex: The cat may get lost or hit by a motorbike.
1. MAY GET LOST, THE CAT
2. OR, 1,3
3. (MAY GET) HIT, (THE CAT)
4. BY A MOTORBIKE
Ex: He felt sick because he ate rotten fish.
1. FELT, HE, SICK
2. BECAUSE, 1, 3
3. ATE, HE, FISH
4. ROTTEN, FISH

Ex: He likes ice-cream, whereas she likes jam.
1. LIKES, HE, ICE-CREAM
2. WHEREAS 1, 3
3. LIKES, SHE, JAM
Ex: She moved to the country but he stayed in the
city.
1. MOVED, SHE
2. TO THE COUNTRY
3. BUT 1, 4
4. STAYED, HE
5. IN THE CITY

Good luck!