Air pollution
radioactive pollution

POLLUTION
Thermal pollution
visual pollution

Water pollution
Soil pollution
Noise pollution

Light pollution

Monday, January 30th 2023
UNIT 7 (cont)
Lesson 2: A CLOSER LOOK 1

- contaminate (v) làm bẩn
- contamination (n): sự làm bẩn
- contaminant (n) = pollutant (n) chất làm bẩn
- birth defect (n): khuyết tật bẩm sinh
- expose to (v): tiếp xúc với
- be exposed to : bị nhiễm

1. Complete the table with appropriate verbs, nouns
and adjectives:
Verb
to poison

Noun
1.

poison
(1)------------------contamination
.contaminate
(2)------------------ Contaminant
to pollute
pollution
pollutant
(3)------------------to die
to damage

death
(5)------------------damage

Adjective
poisonous
contaminated

polluted
(4)------------------Dead

damaged
(6)-------------------

2. Complete the sentences with the words from the table in 1. You
do not need to use all the words. The first letter of each word has
been provided.

oisonous
1. The p____________
chemical waste is dumped into
the river
ollutants cause air pollution ?
2. Do you know what p__________
3. The d ead
_________ fish are floating in the water.
ontaminated .
4. Don't drink that water. It's c____________
amage
5. The acid rain has caused d____________
to the trees in
the area.
6. If we p ollute
____________ the air, more peple will have
breathing problems.

Phrases of cause and effect

CAUSE
1. since/ because + clause
- Since
the water is polluted, the fish are dead.
- Because Tom studied verry hard, he got good marks.
2. due to/ because of + st /N
- The fish are dead

because of the polluted water.

- Tom got good marks due to

studying verry hard.

EFFECT
1. Clause + so + clause
- The water is polluted, so the fish are dead.
2. to cause
to lead to
St / N
to result in
- The polluted water causes
the death of the fish.
results in

3. to make sb / sth do sth
- The polluted water makes the fish die .

Phrases of cause and effect

3. a. Decide which sentence in each pair of sentences is a cause and which is an effect.
Write C (for cause) or E (for effect) next to each sentence. Note that the words in
brackets relate to Activity 3b.

C
E
C

C

E

E

E

E

C
C

b. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence
that shows a cause/ effect relationship. Use the cause or
effect signal word or phrase given in brackets. You will have
to add, delete, or change words in most sentences.
EXAMPLE:
1.Because people throw litter on the ground, many animals
eat it and become sick
2. Ships spills oil in oceans and rivers . Many aquatic animals
and plants die. (lead to)
 Oil spills from ships in oceans and rivers lead to the death
of many aquatic animals and plants.
3. Households dump waste into the river. it is polluted. (so)
 Households dump waste into the river, so it is polluted.

4. Their children have birth defects. the parents were
exposed to radiation. (since)
 Since the parents were exposed to radiation, their
children have birth defects.
5. We can't see the stars at night . There is too much
light pollution. (due to)
 We can't see the stars at night due to the light pollution.

4. Work in groups. Look at the pairs of pictures. Give
as many sentences as possible to show cause / effect
relationships.

Example
1. People cough because they breathe in the fumes
from cars.

2. The soil is polluted,
3. We won't have fresh
water to drink
4. We plant trees,

because of water
pollution.
so we can have fresh
air.
so plants can't grow.

5. Listen and mark the stress in each word, then repeat it.
1. Artistic

6. Physical

2. Athletic

7. Heroic

3. Historic

8. Poetic

4. Historical

9. Botanic

5. Logical

10. Botanical

6. Underline the words ending in -ic and circle the words
ending in -al in the following sentences. Mark the stress in
each word. Listen and check your answer, then repeat the
sentences.

• Revise the new words, exercises,
pronunciation. Make sentences with the way
to use “cause and effect” in the work
notebook.
• Prepare the new lesson : A closer look 2