ADJECTIVE
* SOME RULES FOR FORMING COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
A. Comparative:
1. short A/Adv:
Add “er” after them: shorter, longer, higher,….
Some exceptions:
end with “y” change into “I” then add “er”: lovelier, prettier, happier, …
end by consonant preceded with vowel, double consonant : thinner, fatter, slimmer,….
end with “w, er, t” add only “er” : slower, cleverer, quieter, smarter, …..
2. long A/ Adv: more + A/ Adv
Ex: more intelligent, more beautiful, …
B. Superlative:
1. short A/Adv:
Add “the A+est” after them: the shortest, longest, highest,….
Some exceptions:
end with “y” change into “I” then add “est”: the loveliest, prettiest, happiest, …
end by consonant preceded with vowel, double consonant : the thinnest, fattest, slimmer,
end with “w, er, t” add only “er” : slower, cleverer, quieter, smarter, …..
2. long A/ Adv: more + A/ Adv
Ex: the most intelligent, the most beautiful, ……….
Some irregular As:
SOME OTHER KINDS OF COMPARISON:
1. Double comparative:
+ short A: [the short A + er]
Ex: the higher the sun, the shorter the shadow.
+ long A: [the more A, the more/ A+ er]
Ex: the more modest you are, the more successful you can get.
+ V: [the more S+ V]
Ex: The more he works, the thinner he will be.
+ N: the more N , the more N/ A+ er
Ex: The more money I got, the more industrious I am.
There are 8 kinds of A:
1. Proper: describe a thing
Ex: Chinese language, Italian Watch,…
2. Descriptive: show what quality, in which state of a thing or a person
Ex: a good man, an old book, an ill person,…
3. Quantitative: show an amount or number of sth
Ex: much, some, few, little,…
4. Demonstrative: show which or what thing is meant
Ex: this, that these, those, such, same,…
5. Interrogative: used for asking questions
Ex: whose, what, which, when,…
6. Distributive: show a person or thing are taken singly or separate lots (every, each, either, neither…)
7. Possessive: show possession (my, her, his, its, their, your, our)
8. Limiting or Articles: the, a, an (a man, the cat, an orange…)
Position of A:
+ often in front of N, pronoun
+ Some exceptions:
+ Modified by a phrase, the A as common thing.
ex: He’s a prison worthy of death.
Qualifying the compound of some,
any, no (one/ thing/ body)
Ex: Is there anything new today?
When it’s formed by prefix “a”
Ex: I saw a boy asleep in his room.
Used in a complement of O to a V
(make, keep, urge,….)
Ex: U made me happy.
- Used as a Subjective complement after V understood.
Ex: All people (that were) present was astonished by
his coming late.
I booked the most expensive seat (that was) available.
- Denoting measure or age
Ex: she is 10 years old.
+ This table is 1 meter long and a half of meter wide.
ORDER OF ADJ
NUMBER
QUALITY
AGE
MATERIAL
ORIGIN
COLOR
NOUN
SIZE
Ex: a small black plastic bag
Ex: an old Korean song
SHAPE
note
SIZE AND LENGHT
SHAPE AND WIDTH
EX:
a tall thin man
a short fat woman
note
Two or more A of colour, use AND
EX:
a pink and yellow scarf
a red , blue and white flag
Some examples of adjective order

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer:
1. Which is the correct order?
a small Canadian thin lady
a Canadian small thin lady
a small thin Canadian lady
a thin small Canadian lady


2. Which is the correct order?
a carving steel new knife
a new steel carving knife
a steel new carving knife
a new carving steel knife
3. Which is the correct order?
a beautiful blue sailing boat
a blue beautiful sailing boat
a sailing beautiful blue boat
a blue sailing beautiful boat
4. Which is the correct order?
an old wooden square table
a square wooden old table
an old square wooden table
a wooden old square table
5. Which is the correct order?
an new French exciting band
a French new exciting band
an exciting French new band
an exciting new French band
6. Which is the correct order?
a red big plastic hat
a big red plastic hat
a plastic big red hat
a bit plastic red hat
7. Which is the correct order?
a small Japanese serving bowl
a Japanese small serving bowl
a small serving Japanese bowl
a serving small Japanese bowl
8. Which is the correct order?
a cotton dirty old tie
a dirty cotton old tie
an old cotton dirty tie
a dirty old cotton tie
Exercise 2: Give the correct order:
round small reading lamp.


2. German old yellow car


3. wooden huge sailing ship
Exercise 2: Give the correct order:
4. physics boring old teacher


5. slim Canadian handsome snowboarder


6. sugar blue round bowl
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer:
1. He was wearing a ________ shirt.
dirty old flannel
flannel old dirty
old dirty flannel
2. Pass me the ________ cups.
plastic big blue
big blue plastic
big plastic blue

3. All the girls fell in love with the ________ teacher.
handsome new American
American new handsome
new handsome American
4. I used to drive ________ car.
a blue old German
an old German blue
an old blue German
5. He recently married a ________ woman.
young beautiful Greek
beautiful young Greek
beautiful Greek young  
6. This is a ________ movie.
new Italian wonderful
wonderful Italian new
wonderful new Italian
7. She is a ________ supermodel.
beautiful slim Brazilian
Brazilian beautiful slim
slim Brazilian beautiful
8. It`s in the ________ container.
large blue metal
blue large metal
blue metal large
9. He sat behind a ________ desk.
big wooden brown
big brown wooden
wooden big brown
10. She gave him a ________ vase.
small Egyptian black
black Egyptian small
small black Egyptian
FORMING AJECTIVES
-able: có thể, có thể được (thành lập adjective) [abolishable, acceptable, attractable, drinkable, eatable, livable, lovable…]
 -al = -ial = -ic = -ical: thuộc về (thành lập adjective) [disciplinal, electronic, facial, financial, geologic, governmental, professional, romantic, scenical…]
 -an = -ean = -ian: thuộc về (thành lập adjective) [african, American, Anglican, European…]
 -ar: thuộc về, trông giống như (thành lập adjective) [angular, lunar, solar, spicular, tubercular…]
 -ary: thuộc về, có sự liên quan đến (thành lập adjective) [alimentary, biliary, disciplinary, evolutionary, military, voluptuary…]
 -ative: liên quan đến, có quan hệ với (thành lập adjective) [affirmative, authoritative, cogitative, discriminative, exclamative, imitative, imputative, inspirative, meliorative, qualitative, quantitative…]
 -ative: hướng về, hướng tới (thành lập adjective) [imbricative, ruminative, talkative…]
 -ative: liên quan đến, có quan hệ với (thành lập adjective) [affirmative, authoritative, cogitative, discriminative, exclamative, imitative, imputative, inspirative, meliorative, qualitative, quantitative…]
 -ative: hướng về, hướng tới (thành lập adjective) [imbricative, ruminative, talkative…]
 -en: làm bằng (thành lập adjective) [ashen, earthen, golden, silken, wooden…]
 -ern: thuộc về (dung cho phương hướng) (thành lập adjective và noun) [eastern, northern…]
 -esque: kiểu, loại, giống như (thành lập noun và adjective) [arabesque, picturesque, statuesque…]
 -eth: số thứ tự (đặt sau một nguyên âm, thành lập adjective và noun) [ninetieth, thirtieth, twentieth…]
 -ey: như, có vẻ như, đặc điểm (thành lập adjective) [clayey, homey…]
 -ferous: chứa đựng, truyền, chuyển (thành lập adjective) [auriferous, carboniferous, coniferous, metalliferous, pestiferous…]
 -fic: làm cho, làm ra (thành lập adjective) [colorific, felicific, pacific, prolific, soporific…]
 -fid: chia ra, phân ra (thành lập adjective) [bifid, muftifid, sexifid, trifid…]
 -fold: phần (thành lập adjective và adverb) [fivefold, fourfold, hundredfold, manifold…]
 -form: hình, hình dáng (thành lập adjective) [conifrom, coralliform, cruciform, falciform, multiform, oviform, triform, uniform…]
 -ful: tính chất (thành lập adjective) [awful, beautiful, careful, shameful, thoughtful…]
 -ful: đầy, nhiều (thành lập adjective và noun) [colorful, cupful, handful, mouthful, roomful, spoonful…]
 -ful: có khuynh hướng (thành lập adjective) [eventful, grateful, harmful…]
 -ible: có thể được (thành lập adjective) [credible, legible, perfectible, reducible, visible…]
 -ile: có thể được (thành lập adjective) [contractile, docile, ductile, extensile, facile, fertile, fragile, tensile, volatile…]
 -ine: giống như, tính chất (thành lập adjective) [asinine, coralline, crystalline, equine, feline, marine…]
 -ious: đầy, nhiều (thành lập adjective) [commodious, compendious, conscientious, contentious, ferocious, prodigious…]
 -ish: thuộc về, quốc tịch, dân tộc, ngôn ngữ (thành lập adjective và noun) [British, Danish, English, Finnish, Spanish, Turkish…]
 -ish: giống như, có khuynh hướng (thành lập adjective) [babyish, buckish, cattish, mulish, thievish…]
 -ish: hơi hơi, gọi là (thành lập adjective) [coolish, dampish, oldish, prettyish, reddish, sweetish…]
 -ish: độ chừng (thành lập adjective) [eightyish, fortyish…]
 -ive: tính chất (thành lập adjective) [constructive, defensive, impeditive, imperative, retaliative…]
 -less: không có (thành lập adjective) [ceaseless, childless, countless, dauntless, fadeless, homeless, numberless, peerless, resistless, witless…]
 -like: giống như (thành lập adjective) [childlike, homelike, husbandlike, lifelike, wolflike, womanlike…]
 -ly: giống như (thành lập adjective) [brotherly, fatherly, manly, queenly, saintly…]
 -most: nhất, cùng (thành lập adjective) [foremost, headmost, inmost, topmost, utmost…]
 -oid: giống, giống như, như nhau (thành lập adjective và noun) [anthropoid, cuboid, rhomboid…]
 -ous: đầy, nhiều (thành lập adjective) [amorous, clamorous, garrulous, glamorous, glorious, joyous, ferilous…]
 -ous: tính chất (thành lập adjective) [blasphemous, circuitous, dangerous, frivolous, generous, idolatrous, nervous, parsimonious, poisonous, wondrous, zealous…]
 -ory: nhiệm vụ, có khuynh hướng (thành lập noun và adjective) [compulsory, conciliatory, contributory, declaratory, directory, justificatory…]
 -ose: đầy, có nhiều, giống như (thành lập adjective) [jocose, otiose, schistose, verbose…]
 -proof: chống lại, bảo vệ (thành lập adjective) [bombproof, fireproof, soundproof, waterproof…]
 -some: có khuynh hướng (thành lập adjective) [awesome, burdensome, frolicsome, handsome, lonesome, meddlesome, quarrelsome, tiresome, troublesome…]
 -teen: số đếm từ 30 đến 90 (thành lập adjective và noun)
 -ty: từng nhóm mười (thành lập adjective và noun) [fifty, forty…]
 -y: đầy, nhiều, gồm có, sức chứa đựng (thành lập adjective) [airy, cloudy, dewy, icy, juicy, salty, steepy, watery, windy…]
 -y: có khuynh hướng (thành lập adjective) [chatty, dreamy, fidgety, sleepy…]