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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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Đào Thị Mộng Cầm
Trần Hữu Hiền
Trần Minh Hiếu
Văng Hồng Nhựt
Nguyễn Thị Minh Thái
Nguyễn Thị Tiền
Lê Thị Ngọc Trang
Nguyễn Thanh Trung
Nguyễn Hữu Vịnh
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1. Analyse a few medical terms
2. Explain general characteristics of the endocrine system
3. Name and describe the locations of the major endocrine glands
4. List types of hormone
5. Describe links between endocrine system and other systems
LESSON OBJECTIVES
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MEDICAL TERMS
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Hormone
A hormone is a chemical released by a cell in one part of the body, that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism
AN ENDOCRINE GLAND
 
An endocrine gland is a gland secretes its hormones directly into body fluids.
 
BASIC CONCEPT
TARGET CELL
 
A target cell is a cell that possesses specific receptors for a particular hormone.
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
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General of the Endocrine System
Target cell
Endocrine
gland
Hormone
Blood flow
Internal environment
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the anterior lobe
THE PITUITARY GLAND
The pituitary gland lies in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
the posterior lobe
LOCATION
THREE SECTIONS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
the intermediate lobe
THE HORMONES OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
Each lobe of the pituitary gland produces certain hormones

The Anterior lobe
Growth hormone – GH: stimulates growth and cell reproduction
Adrenocorticotropic hormone – ACTH: controls the manufacture and secretion of certain hormones from the outer layer of the adrenal gland
Thyroid-stimulating hormone – TSH: controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid gland
The posterior lobe
Atidiuretic hormone-ADH:increases absorption of water into the blood
by the kidneys
Oxytoxin hormone: stimulates milk production and contract the uterus during childbirth
The intermediate lobe
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone-MSH: stimulates melanin synthesis and release from skin/hair melanocytes
Follicle-stimulating hormone – FSH:stimulates the ovaries and testes
Luteinizing hormone – LH: stimulates the ovaries and testes
Prolactin-hormone-PRL: stimulates milk production after giving birth

uterus
The pituitary gland is sometimes called the "master" gland of the endocrine system, because it controls the functions of the other endocrine glands.
THE PITUITARY GLAND
THYROID GLAND
THYROID GLAND
Function
Diseases










Excess hormones => Hyperthyroidism => Graves’ disease
goiter
Diseases









Deficiency hormones => Hypothyroidism =>Cretinism
Cretinism
The Pancreas
-Insulin:
glucogen
-glucagon:
glucose
glucose
glucogen
-somatostatin
:
Inhibitting insulin and glucagon release
A few diseasing about the pancreas
- Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatitis
Cystic fibrosis
Pseudocysts
Adrenal Gland
Hormones of the adrenal cortex:
1.Aldosterone:( mineralocorticoid)
- conserve sodium ions
- excrete potassium ions
2.Cortisol:(glucocorticoid)
- decrease protein synthesis
- increase fatty acid release
- stimulate glucose synthesis
3.Andrenal androgens
- supply sex hormones
Adrenal Gland
Hormones of the adrenal medulla


1.Epinerphrine (adrenalin)
2.Norepinephrine(noradrenalin)
These effects include:
-Increase:heart rate
breathing rate
force of cardiac muscle contraction
blood pressure
- Decrease : activity in the digestive system



Adrenal Gland
Some diseases of the adrenal gland
pheocromocytoma
Gonad
Testes(male) :
+Testosterone
Ovary(female) :
+Estrogen
+Progestin
+Relaxin
Nervous System
Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
LINKS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
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Pulses of GnRH ( gonadotrophin – releasing hormone) are released from the and stimulate LH and FSH release from the . LH stimulates production from Leydig cells of the testis.
Testosterone feeds back on the hypothalamus/pituitary to inhibit GnRH secretion. FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules to produce mature sperm and the inhibins A and B. causes on the pituitary to decrease FSH secretion.
TRANSLATION
Pituitary
Note: Hypothalamus: vùng dưới đồi
Seminiferous tubules: ống sinh tinh
+
+
+
_
_
hypothalamus
pituitary
testosterone
Inhibin
feedback
Complete the passage, using the words in the box
Hypothalamus testosterone feedback inhibin pituitary
Nguồn GnRH được giải phóng từ vùng hạ đồi và kích thích bài tiết LH và FSH từ tuyến yên. LH kích thích sản xuất testosteron từ những tế bào Leydig ở tinh hoàn.
Testosterone điều hòa ngược trở lại vùng hạ đồi hoặc tuyến yên để giảm bài tiết GnRH. FSH kích thích những tế bào sertoli trong ống sinh tinh tạo ra tinh trùng trưởng thành và inhibin A và B . Inhibin điều hòa ngược lên tuyến yên để giảm bài tiết FSH.
QUESTION - answer
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1. pituitary gland. Because it controls the functions of the other endocrine glands.
2. hyper- and its opposite: hypo-
3. Three. They are Aldosterone, Cortisol, Andrenal androgens
4. insulin. Because blood sugar is increasing.
Mountain Dew : rượu nấu lậu
5. Both male and females
6. The base of the neck
7. Hypothyroidism
8. parathyroid glands
9. Testes and Ovaries
10. the pancreas
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The end