NOUNS
TOEFL COURSE
Prepared by Vu Minh Hue
Email: vmhuetn@gmail.com or vmhuetn@yahoo.com
Nouns
Main content
Singular and plural nouns
Count and non-count nouns
Compound nouns
Quantifiers
Numbers
Toefl test
Singular nouns change to plural form
Singular and plural nouns


Singular and plural nouns

Some nouns are always plural
Clothes
Pants
Jeans
Glasses
Scissors
Police
Trousers
Scales
Shoes
Singular and plural nouns

Some nouns are always singular
Count and non-count nouns

Count nouns:
A / an / one + teacher / book / snail
Plural forms: teachers / buses / children
Non-count nouns:
Most of non-count nouns do not take a / an
No plural form
Non-count nouns can become count nouns when they are used to indicate types:
the wines of California / the fruits of the Northwest
Count and noncount nouns

Non-count nouns:
a / an + non-count noun:

Count and non-count nouns

Some examples of non-count nouns
Count and non-count nouns

Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable:
hair, wine, wood, work
Whenever she finds a grey hair, she pulls it out.
Her hair is blonde.
Some nouns have the same singular and plural form:
fish /deer / sheep / salmon / series / species / spacecraft
Noun used as an adjective, it takes a singular form:
a two-week vacation / a three-day trip / a three-year-old boy
Compound nouns


Definitions: compound nouns are the nouns that include at least one noun and used to make one word or idea.
Eg: boy friend, woman driver, passer-by, mother-in-law, street market, dining room
Compound nouns

Kinds
Abbreviations:
Eg: MPs, VIPs
N + er
Eg: passer-by, hanger-on
N + prep + N
Eg: mother-in-law, father-in-law, lady in waiting
N + N
Eg: kitchen table, river bank, traffic warden, winter clothes
N + Ving
Eg: weight lifting, bird watching, surf riding, coal mining
Ving + N
Eg: waiting list, dining room, reading lamp, swimming pool, driving license





Compound nouns

Plural form of compound nouns
Compound nouns

Compound nouns with number expressions used as an adjectives
a ten-watt light bulb = a light bulb of ten watts
a 16,000-page book = a book of 16,000 pages
a ten-year-old boy = a boy at the age of 10
Quantifiers

Definition: a quantifier is a word that indicates an amount or quantity
Eg: both / many / (a) few / several /another / each / every
Quantifiers

Kinds:
Some quantifiers are used only with plural count nouns:
both / many / (a) few / several + boys / hats / schools
Some quantifiers are used only with singular count nouns:
another / each / every + student / song
Quantifiers

Kinds:
Some quantifiers are used only with non-count nouns:
(a) little / much / less / amount + wine / money
Some quantifiers are used with both plural count nouns and non-count nouns:
all / a lot of / lots of / plenty of / enough / some / any / most / more + beer / rice / information / hospitals / roads
Numbers







Toefl test

Non-counts pluralized
Subject – Verb disagreement
In compound nouns, both nouns pluralized
Compound nouns involving number and measurements, compound nouns used as an adjective may be in plural form
Number + hundred / thousand / million: no plural for hundred / thousand / million