Choose the correct form of the phrasal verbs with make to fill in the blanks: make up for, make out, make off with, make off
1. He spoke so quietly we could hardly …………..what he was saying.
2. Hopefully insurance will ………….the damages from the fire.
3. The looters ……….. all the laptops that were in the computer store.
4. The pop star ………… from the concert before the fans could find him.
make out
make up for
made off with
made off

Make (something) out
1. = to just be able to hear, read or see something
He spoke so quietly we could hardly make out what he was saying.
If you can make out the billboard from such a distance you really have excellent vision.
2. = to fill out the details of a document (usually a check)
You can make out the cheque to Woodward Ltd.


Make up for
1. = the compensate for something; to replace something lost
I know I ruined your favourite dress but I hope this new one I bought you makes up for it.
What she lacked in experience, she made up for in the way she learns quickly.

Make off with
1. = To steal something and (quickly) take it away.
The looters made off with all the laptops that were in the computer store.

Make off
1. = To hurry away, especially in order to escape
The thieves had to make off in their car when the police arrived.
The pop star made off from the concert before the fans could find him.


Unit 10:
Endangered species
Language focus
Word study
Expressions with make

- Match the expressions with Make in column A with their appropriate meanings in column B
1.c
2.g
3. e
4. b
5. f
6. a
7.d
Unit 10:
Endangered species
Language focus
Word study
Expressions with make

- Match the expressions with Make in column A with their appropriate meanings in column B
- Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions with make in column A to make the sentences meaningful.
1. Possible for
2. a mistake
3. the team
4. a profit
5. an appointment
6. the bed
7. an impression
Unit 10:
Endangered species
Language focus
Word study
Grammar
- Modal auxiliaries
1. Definition
The verbs will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought, and need are usually called modal auxiliaries (trợ động từ khiếm khuyết/khuyết thiếu). They are used with other verbs to express actions, events or situations that exist only as conceptions of the mind (nhận thức của trí óc) – permissions, possibilities, certainty, ability, wishes, obligations etc. They may also express simple futurity.
I can swim.
She will come.
I must go now.
Should I call them?
She might come.

2. Characteristics
Modal auxiliaries have three common characteristics.
2.1. They are never used alone. A principal verb is either present or implied.
I can fly an aeroplane.
He should behave.
Will you go? Yes, I will (go).
2.2. Modal auxiliaries have no –s in the third person singular.
I can swim.
She can swim. (NOT She cans …)
I may pass.
He may pass.
2.s3. Modal auxiliaries do not have infinitives (to may, to shall etc.) or participles (maying, shalling, shalled etc.). You cannot say to shall, to must or to may.
3. Meaning of Modal Auxiliaries
Will: Be willing to;Intend to; To talk about what will happen in the future.·
Eg: I will pen the window for you.·
I won`t be in the office until 11;
I`ve got a meeting.
Ann will be 10 years old next month.
May/ Might / Can· Be possible to do·
Eg 1: Each nurse may be responsible for up to twenty patients.
Eg 2· It might rain this evening.
Eg 3· Can you be off next Monday?
Must · Be required to do; Be necessary; Be logically certain·
Eg 1: Every must be on time.·
Eg 2 I must stop smoking.
Unit 10:
Endangered species
Language focus
Word study
Grammar
Modal auxiliaries
Adverbial clauses and phrases of reason
I. PHRASES OF REASON:
1. BECAUSE OF: vì, bởi vì
- He doesn`t go to shool because of his toothache: Anh ta không đi học vì đau răng.
- They are here because of us: Họ ở đây là vì chúng tôi.
2. DUE TO: vì, do bởi, tại, nhờ có
- It is due to him: Tại hắn ta.
- Due to fog, the boat arrived late: Do sương mù nên tàu đến chậm.
- The discovery is due to Newton: Nhờ Niu-tơn mà có phát minh.
3. OWING TO: do vì, bởi vì
- Owing to the drought, crops are short: Vì hạn hán nên mùa màng thất bát.
4. ON ACCOUNT OF:
( on account of something; on this/that account); do cái gì; vì lý do này/nọ
- Don`t on any account leave the prisoner unguarded: Không vì bất cứ lý do nào mà bỏ canh gác tù nhân
* After “ because of/ due to/ owing to/ on account of + the fact that...”
Eg: He doesn’t go to school because of the fact that he has a toothache.

5. IN VIEW OF: (in view of something) : xét thấy, bởi vì
- In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing.
Do tình hình thời tiết, chúng ta sẽ huỷ bỏ cuộc đi chơi này.
6. THANKS TO:
(Thanks to somebody/something): nhờ có ai/cái gì
- The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. Vở kịch thành công nhờ sự diễn xuất giỏi của tất cả các vai.
- Thanks to your help: Nhờ có sự giúp đỡ của anh.
7. FOR: vì, bởi vì
- For want of money: vì thiếu tiền/ - To live for each other: sống vì nhau
- Please do it for my sake: Mong anh làm điều đó vì tôi.
- To avoid something for fear of accidents: Tránh cái gì vì sợ tai nạn.
- For many reasons: vì nhiều lẽ


II. CLAUSES OF REASON:
1. BECAUSE: [bi`kɔz], liên từ: vì, bởi vì
- Just because I don`t complain, people think I`m satisfied.Chỉ vì tôi không than phiền, nên người ta cứ tưởng rằng tôi hài lòng
2. SINCE: vì, vì lẽ rằng, bởi
- Since there is no more to be said, the meeting ends. Vì không còn gì nói nữa, cuộc họp bế mạc.
3. AS: (đặt ở đầu câu) do, bởi vì
- As Peter is late for school, his mother has to apologize to his teacher.
4. SEEING ( THAT/ AS): [`si:iη] - xét thấy sự thật là; do, bởi vì
- Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we`ll stay at home. Bởi vì thời tiết xấu, chúng mình sẽ ở nhà.
5. IN THAT: lý do là, vì
- Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition. ( Người ta cho việc tư nhân hóa là có lợi vì nó thúc đẩy sự cạnh tranh.)
6. NOW (THAT) : vì rằng, bởi vì
- Now (that) you mention it , I do remember the incident. ( Vì anh nói đến điều đó, tôi mới nhớ việc xảy ra)

7. INASMUCH AS: (formal): lý do là, vì
- He is a Dane inasmuch as he was born in Denemark. ( Ông ta là người Đan Mạch vì ông ta sinh ra ở Đan Mạch.)
8. FOR: liên từ (không đặt ở đầu câu): vì, bởi vì, tại vì
- They don`t go to the movies, for it rains cats and dogs.
Họ không đi xem phim, vì trời mưa như trút nước.


BECAUSE AS/ SINCE/SEEING (THAT) NOW THAT + S + V + ( O/ C/ A).


BECAUSE OF/ DUE TO/ OWING TO / THANKS TO / ON ACCOUNT OF + NOUN PHRASE/ THE FACT THAT/GERUND PHRASE

Unit 10:
Endangered species
Language focus
Word study
Grammar
Practice
1. Exercise 1: write answer to the following questions, using appropriate modal auxiliaries.
1. It must be banned
2. Well, it is suggested that human must stop killing endangered species massively.
3. I think they must prohibit, capture, or impose heavy fines on poachers, hunters, sellers and buyers of wild animals.
4. No, they needn’t . Instead, they must take such actions as educating people to preserve and save natural habitats, preventing and banning human capture and trade of endangered species.
5. As I see it, their extinction may be due to loss good natural habitats, population decrease, and massive killing.
Unit 10:
Endangered species
Language focus
Word study
Grammar
Practice
Exercise 1: write answer to the following questions, using appropriate modal auxiliaries.
Exercise 2: Answer these questions using either because or because of
1. Because of sea popution, hunting, and little protection against predators.
2. Because of human capture, habitat loss, and their cecreasing population.
3. Because of habitat loss, poaching and purchase of their parts for associated products such ad medicines and ornaments.