Warmly welcome to our lesson
I. The uses of Gerund
As subject of sentence (chủ ngữ của câu)
As complement of a verb(sau động từ tobe)
After prepositions (sau giới từ)& phrasal verb
After certain verbs ( sau 1 vài động từ)
In noun compounds (trong danh từ ghép)
After the expressions: can’t help,can’t stand,it is no good/use
II. The uses of present participle

1.As part of the continuous form of a verb(như một động từ)

2.As an adjective (như một tính từ)

3. There +be +noun + present participle


Ex: There is a man standing
outside the room
Ex: It’s an interesting film
Ex: He is reading book
II. The uses of present participle
4.Replace S + V in main clause (thay thế S+V trong mệnh đề chính)
Khi 2 sự kiện xảy ra có cùng 1 chủ ngữ


Khi 2 sự kiện cùng 1 chủ ngữ. Sự kiện thứ 2 là kết quả hay là 1 phần của sự kiện thứ nhất



Ex: He rides away and he whistles merrily  Riding away, he whistles merrily
Ex: As he worked too hard,he got ill
 Working too hard, he got ill.
5.Replace S + V in subordinate clause(thay thế S+V trong mệnh đề phụ)
Thay thế mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian


Thay thế mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân


Rút gọn mệnh đề tính từ
Ex: Since he left school, he worked in a restaurant Leaving school, he worked in a restaurant
Ex: As he worked too hard,he got ill  Working too hard, he got ill.
Ex: The girl who is singging on TV is a famous singer  The girl singging on TV is a famous singer
II. The uses of present participle
6. V + object +pre.participle(verb +tân ngữ+pre.part )
Động từ chỉ giác quan( smell, hear, see, watch, notice, observe) +tân ngữ +pre.participle

Find/catch/keep/leave +tân ngữ+ pre.participle

Sit/stand/lie + cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn+pre.participle

Spend/ waste+cụm từ chỉ thời gian/tiền+ pre.participle

Go and come + verbs of physical activity: dancing, riding, sailing, skiing, shopping.

Ex: I find her lesson satisfying.
Ex: He sat on the chair reading a newspaper
Ex:She spent all the money buying books
Ex: I can smell something burning
Ex: Come dancing with me on Saturday.

Gerund: (V-ing) used as a noun equivalent
(Thường được sử dụng với chức năng như 1 danh từ)
Present Participle: (V-ing) use more like a verb or an adjective (thường được sử dụng như một động từ hay một tính từ)
The difference between gerund and present participle:
* Form: having + V3/ed
* Use:



* Note :the form of perfect participle passive: having +been+ Ved/3
used to emphasizes that the first action is complete before the second one starts(dùng để nhấn mạnh rằng hành động thứ nhất đã hoàn thành trước khi hành động thứ 2 bắt đầu)
III. Perfect Gerund and perfect participle
Ex: She bought the car and drived home
 Having bought a car, she drived home
Ex: Having been invited to the party, we could hardly refuse to go .


Rewrite the sentences
beginning
With an appropriate
participle
(present,past or perfect)
When she saw the dog coming toward her, she quickly crossed the road
As I don’t have a credit card , I found it difficult to book an airline ticket
I was eager to catch the bus in good time because I have been told off the day before for arriving late
He had spent his childhood in California so he knew the city well
Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate
participle(present,past or perfect)

5. The house was built of wood, so it was clearly
a fire risk
6. The fruit is expensive because it was imported
7. As we didn’t want to offend him, we said
nothing about his painting
8. Because I was walking quickly, I soon catch up with her
9. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident
Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate
participle(present,past or perfect)

Thank you for your attention!