HOW TO ANALYZE A TEXT
HUFLIT

ANALYSIS
Phrases, clauses and sentences (9 Patterns)
Setting:
Text style:
Stylistic scale:
The scale of generality or difficulty:
Attitude:
The quality of the writing:
Text functions:
Denotation:
Connotation:
Metaphor:
2

Translation approach:
Translation method:
Equivalence:

ANALYSIS

1.Semantic Equivalence:
2.Situational Equivalence:
3.Descriptive Equivalence:
4.Formal Equivalence:
5.Grammatical Equivalence:

3

+ Grammatical Equivalence:
Gender
Number
Tense
Universal/General words
Specific words

4

ANALYSIS

Transference:
Naturalization:
Cultural equivalence:
Functional equivalence:
Descriptive equivalence:
Synonymy:
Through translation:
Transposition:
English at the end, Vietnamese at the beginning:
English and Vietnamese have different prepositions:
Changes of parts of speech:
Diversity of word meaning:
Changes of sentence kinds:

5

Pragmatics:
Modulation:
Reduction:
Expansion:
Paraphrase:
Adaptation:
Couplets and triplets:
Notes, additions, glossaries:

ANALYSIS

6

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