Welcome to our class
Unit 15: CITIES E: Language focus
Warm up
Tongue twister

Listen to the tongue twister and practise saying it. How fast can you say it?
"If two witches were watching two watches, which witch would watch which watch?"

fresh fried fish, fish fresh fried, fried fish fresh, fish fried fresh.
UNIT 15: CITIES
E: LANGUAGE FOCUS:
Pronunciation: /θ/ - / ð/
Listen and repeat:
/θ/: think, thought, mouth, thin, something, birthday.
/ð/: they, those, clothes, then, another, brother.
Practise the sentences.
I thought Mr. Smith was thirty-three.
But next Thursday will be his thirtieth birthday.
Something about him makes me think he is like my brother.
The roses that you gave him are beautiful.
Look at the clothes on that thin man over there.
Grammar and vocabulary:
A. Non-defining and defining relative clauses
Example:
The city which is known as the biggest city in Vietnam is Ho Chi Minh City.

New York Harbor, which is ice-free in all seasons, is one of the largest and finest harbors in the world.
defining relative clause
Non- defining relative clause

-Give essential information to define or identify the person or thing we are talking about.




Ex: A clown is someone who makes you laugh.
Ex: A clown is someone.
1. Defining relative clauses :
“Who, whom, which” can be replaced by “that”
Ex: The hotel which/that we stayed in wasn`t bad.
1. Defining relative clauses :

The "relative pronoun" can be omitted (ø) when it is the object of the clause.
Ex: The girl (whom) he loves is very beautiful.
2. Non- defining relative clauses
tells us more about someone or something, but it does not help us to identify them or it.
separated from the rest of the sentences by commas.
Ex: I’ve just met Susan, whose husband is my friend.
Exercise 1:
Washington D.C, which is located on the East Coast of the United States, has many interesting and historical places to visit.
Brasilia, which is located on the Granada River, became the capital of Brazil in 1960.
Mexico City, which has a population of nearly 20,000,000, is the largest metropolitan area in the world.
Seoul, which hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics, is well- known for its shopping centers.
Kyoto, which is used to be the capital of Japan, has many temples.
B. Although to connect contrasting ideas
Grammar and vocabulary:
Example:
Although New York is not the capital of the USA, it is the home of the United Nations.
Although Singapore has a large population density, it is very clean and its atmosphere is fresh.
Although Sydney is the biggest harbor in Australia, it isn’t the capital of Australia,
Exercise 2 : Combine the following sentences using although:
There is not much to do in the countryside. I prefer living in the countryside.
There is a lot of pollution in Los Angeles. It’s an ideal place to live.
The shops are crowded. People are not buying much.
The city is a favorite tourist destination for many people. It has its problems.
It is a safe neighborhood. It is best to be careful.
HOMEWORK:
-Review grammar and vocabulary.
-Find information about some historical place for Unit 16.
-Prepare READING.
Goodbye!