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UNIT 9
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Task I
Listen to the audio. Finish the descriptions with the correct forms of the words provided.
GETTING READY
carving dome symmetrical tile arch
characterize imperial architectural staggering
characterized
tiles
imperial
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Task I
Listen to the audio. Finish the descriptions with the correct forms of the words provided.
GETTING READY
staggering
arch
carvings
carving dome symmetrical tile arch
characterize imperial architectural staggering
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Task I
Listen to the audio. Finish the descriptions with the correct forms of the words provided.
GETTING READY
symmetrical
dome
architectural
carving dome symmetrical tile arch
characterize imperial architectural staggering
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GETTING READY
6
GETTING READY
7
GETTING READY
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Task II
Fill in the chart with words from Task I.
GETTING READY
staggering
distinct
horizontal
complex
imperial
dome
symbolic
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VOCABULARY DRILL
A. Listen Up
Complete the advertisement based on the audio.
HELICOPTER TOUR
Dubai, United Arab Emirates


Burj Khalifa: The building soars 1. ___________________ and is home to one of the world’s 2. ______________________—Armani Hotel. Guests will be spoiled by 3. ___________________.
The Dubai Fountain: This fountain is 4. ______________ by over 6,600 lights, and its water streams shoot 5. ___________________________.
Burj Al Arab: Check out this luxury hotel that’s on 6. __________________! Part of what makes this hotel interesting is its shape. Instead of
7. ______________ like most other hotels, it’s built 8. _________________.
There is no better way to tour this capital of modern architecture than by helicopter. Highlighted below are just a few of the sights we’ll see!
828 meters high
most extravagant hotels
lavish rooms
illuminated
150 meters into the air
an artificial island
being rectangular
in the form of a sail
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VOCABULARY DRILL
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VOCABULARY DRILL
B. Word Focus: Architecture vs. Adjectives
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate adjectives. There are three extra choices.
staggering symmetrical horizontal extravagant
lavish rectangular contemporary


1. The Great Sphinx of Giza is the largest stone statue in the world. Its length of 73.5 meters is especially ___________.
2. The original cost of the Golden Gate Bridge was estimated at $100 million. Many thought such a project was too ___________, but luckily it ended up being completed for much less—about $35 million.
3. The Oriental Pearl Tower has become the symbol of ___________
architecture in Shanghai.
4. Even though researchers have studied the ancient monument for years, what Stonehenge’s giant ___________ stones were used for is still a mystery.
staggering
extravagant
contemporary
rectangular
Wonders of Our World
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VOCABULARY DRILL
C. Speak Out Loud
Create your own architecture proposal using the words you’ve learned. Pair up with a classmate and follow the steps below. Present your ideas to the class.
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CONVERSATION CORNER
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CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW
A. Understand from the Context
Match the sentence with its meaning.
c
a
b
d
f
e
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CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW
B. Complete the Sentences
Fill in the blanks with words from the conversation. Use the hints to help you.
1. Many people choose to rent houses because real estate prices have ___________over the past decade. (increase quickly)
2. The old hospital is a top ___________ to receive an improvement grant from the government. (contender)
3. It’s tough not to feel ___________ during a long period of bad weather. (depressed)
4. A great deal of effort was spent on the exterior ___________ of the building. (beauty)
5. Your garden is looking a little ___________ this year. Why haven’t you planted flowers like you normally do? (not appealing)
6. The mountain views surrounding the campsite were certainly ___________. (impressive)
soared
candidate
gloomy
aesthetics
bleak
awe-inspiring
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CONVERSATION CORNER—REVIEW
C. Make Inferences
Check the appropriate inferences and write the sentences that support your answers.




I’ve had it with school.
Some elements of contemporary design can make you feel gloomy.
And it’s angles that can make fearful emotions soar.
But out of all the styles of architecture, it’s modern design that I’m a fan of.
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
A. Feeling Down
Pair up with a classmate and discuss these situations using the expressions above.
1. You’ve been sick for several weeks already, and you are still showing no signs of improvement.
2. You failed to gain admission to a master’s degree program you were excited to attend.
3. You had an argument with your best friend, and he / she never wants to speak with you again.
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EXPRESSION PLAZA
B. Expressing Stress and Comfort
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions.
1. I can’t finish that assignment in time unless I come into the office on Saturday. I have __________________!
2. She seems _________________ by work. She won’t be able to _________________ until the weekend.
3. The service at the five-star restaurant was fabulous, and the waiter really made us __________________.
had it with work /
my hands full
feel (be) at ease / breathe easy
weighed down
feel at ease
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Use the words below to practice saying the expressions above with a classmate.
EXPRESSION PLAZA
C. Authorizing
boss  vacation from work
judge  criminal’s appeal for a shortened prison sentence
professor  proposed thesis topic
governor  yearly budget for transportation costs
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
A. Pick the Tips
Check which tips Rosie agrees to. Fill in the blanks with words or expressions from the audio. There may be more than one possible answer.
5 Steps to Lift Your 1. _______________!
Exercise! You may feel too 2. _______________ to run on the treadmill or lift weights, but it’ll help you beat depression.
Create a(n) 3. __________ atmosphere. Brightening up your living space can brighten up your life!
Put on some 4. __________ tunes. Listening to pop music will have your toes tapping in no time.
Make yourself look 5. __________! Discard all of your
6. __________ outfits.
Go party! Friends can bring you up whenever you’re
7. _______________.



Low Spirits
cheerful
lively /catchy
stunning
sloppy
down in the dumps / blue / sick at heart / down in the mouth
blue / sick at heart /
down in the mouth / down in the dumps
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
B. Fill Out the Order Form
Listen to the audio. Circle and check the items Jamie and Alicia want to order.

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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
C. Complete the Instructions
Finish the chart based on the audio. There may be more than one possible answer.
fracturing / breaking
resume
refrain
cut down on pain pills
walk without crutches
lift weights with arms only
drive
do desk work
run
jog
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EXPRESSION PRACTICE
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
A. Preparatory It and What Clauses
Cleft Sentences
Cleft structures are useful for placing emphasis on a certain part of a sentence.
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
B. Sentence Patterns
Cleft Sentences
Cleft structures are useful for placing emphasis on a certain part of a sentence.
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
B. Sentence Patterns
Cleft Sentences
Cleft structures are useful for placing emphasis on a certain part of a sentence.
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GRAMMAR CHECKPOINT
• Usage Note •
Cleft Sentences
Cleft structures are useful for placing emphasis on a certain part of a sentence.
1. The day or place is often dropped in informal speech, especially when it falls in the middle of the sentence.
Example:
• Senegal is (the place) where the conference is taking place this year.
2. All (that) and expressions using thing are also included in cleft structures.
Examples:
• All (that) Lisa did was endorse the candidate with the most experience. I don’t know why that bothers you.
• The only thing Peter cares about is passing this test and becoming a government official.
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GRAMMAR WORKOUT
A. Make Cleft Sentences
Rewrite the sentences into the cleft structure using the words provided. Some questions may have more than one possible answer.
1. The doctor just needs a couple of minutes to fill out your prescription. (all)
 ___________________________________________________________________________
2. The speaker said something totally unacceptable. (what)
 ___________________________________________________________________________
3. We have everything to make this dish except garlic. (only thing)
 ___________________________________________________________________________
4. The mermaid in the cartoon said exactly the same thing. (it)
 ___________________________________________________________________________
5. Mary initiated the campaign in order to raise funds for the children’s hospital. (reason)
 ___________________________________________________________________________
What the speaker said was totally unacceptable.
It was the mermaid in the cartoon who said exactly the same thing.
The reason Mary initiated the campaign was to raise funds for the children’s hospital.
All the doctor needs is a couple of minutes to fill out your prescription.
The only thing we don’t have to make this dish is garlic. /
The only thing we need to make this dish is garlic.
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GRAMMAR WORKOUT
B. Match
Match the sentence parts.
1. What is thought of as the most difficult aspect of learning to swim ______
2. According to the news report, it was a lit cigarette that ______
3. The place where we put the trophies ______
4. What I would prefer to do first is ______
5. Although I know I need to diet, it is my girlfriend ______
a. is in the main lobby, near the principal’s office.
is taking the first plunge.

c. visit the exhibition on the top floor of this building.
d. that nags me about my weight all the time.
e. sparked the massive forest fire.
b
e
a
c
d
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GRAMMAR WORKOUT
C. Rewrite the Passage
Change the four underlined sentences into the cleft structure in the spaces below.
NASA first sent people to the moon in 1969. At that time, the reason for the trip was a desire to win the space race against the Soviet Union. NASA’s interest in returning now is entirely different. The organization wants to lead tourists to this special destination. Before this can happen, however, certain issues need resolving.
1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
It was 1969 when NASA first sent people to the moon.
What the organization wants to do is (to) lead tourists to this special destination.
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GRAMMAR WORKOUT
C. Rewrite the Passage
Change the four underlined sentences into the cleft structure in the spaces below.
To start, the spot where Neil Armstrong walked on the moon will be preserved as a historical site. Travelers will only be able to stand on a platform and take photographs near it. Stealing from the moon will of course be forbidden. In fact, visitors will not be allowed to bring back souvenirs. For those of us who are lucky enough to travel to the moon, this shouldn’t be of much consequence. The experience will outweigh everything else.
3. ___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
The only thing travelers will be able to do is (to) stand on a platform and take photographs near it.
It is the experience that will outweigh everything else.
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Look at the pictures and captions.
What do you think the reading will be about?
a. How the designs of office buildings have evolved over the years
b. Using bizarre building materials in modern architecture
c. Examples of remarkable structures that use interesting designs
d. How modern offices meet international standards
READING─PRE-READING TASK
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READING
From the unusual to the practical, modern architecture has countless styles. All across the globe, what many architects are doing is pushing the envelope when it comes to creating buildings that fulfill the needs of leading enterprises.
Who Says Buildings Have to Be Boring?
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Vodafone Headquarters
When Vodafone announced a contest to design its headquarters in Portugal, the cell phone giant probably didn’t expect to receive the plans from the architectural firm Barbosa & Guimarães. It was Vodafone’s slogan, “Life in Motion,” that these architects used as their inspiration. The building appears to be moving! Both the exterior and the interior of the building are full of geometric patterns. The designers were only able to achieve this look because of concrete—it can be shaped into any imaginable form. The completed structure is so awe-inspiring that it has won numerous awards.
READING
Who Says Buildings Have to Be Boring?
Photo: Flickr / LeonL
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READING
The Basket Building
Some architecture can best be described as playful. These types of structures often fall into the category of novelty designs, in which buildings resemble the merchandise that its company sells. The Longaberger Company’s Home Office in Newark, Ohio, is one such example. This seven-story headquarters is a dead ringer for the company’s biggest seller: the Longaberger Medium Market Basket. The design was the invention of its founder, Dave Longaberger. As he was known to be a joker, many people thought he was kidding when he announced his plans, but his funny suggestion increased publicity for the business.
Who Says Buildings Have to Be Boring?
Photo: Flickr / ellenm1
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READING
The More London Development
As environmental protection has become part of global consciousness, the world’s foremost architects are trying to come up with the most prestigious green building. Once construction of 7 More London was finished, Foster + Partners had successfully created the most eco-friendly building in London. It is the first structure in the capital city to receive an OUTSTANDING rating from the country’s green building ranking organization. The More London development consists of several buildings and is home to London’s City Hall, as well as various cafés, shops, and an open-air area full of sculptures and water fountains. Foster + Partners is responsible for the look of the entire complex, and the company is well-known for using glass and steel to design amazing architecture all over the world.
Who Says Buildings Have to Be Boring?
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READING
If you’re an architecture enthusiast, there are plenty of notable buildings that are sure to thrill you. Each year, the field of architecture moves in interesting directions thanks to architects’ ingenuity.
Who Says Buildings Have to Be Boring?
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READING
Discussion
Can you name a few of the nations that are known for their architectural inventiveness? What about your country?
Which landmark in your city has the most celebrated design?
Do you know if there is an interesting story behind its style?
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READING ─AFTER YOU READ
A. Understand from the Context
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words provided.
uniqueness important exposure pioneer addicted identical
1. The company was determined to push the envelope in its industry. It ___________ a cutting-edge method of production.
2. When tablet computers were first released, many considered them a novelty. Now, however, their ___________ is no longer surprising.
3. Joe was a dead ringer for a famous news anchor. In fact, they looked ___________, so he was often mistaken for the celebrity.
4. Organizers put a lot of effort into the event’s publicity. Thanks to the ___________, the attendance was greater than expected.
5. The professor was one of the foremost experts in the field. He was a(n) ___________ member of several research teams.
6. Alfonso is a big baseball enthusiast. Sometimes his wife thinks he is too ___________ to the game.
pioneered
uniqueness
identical
exposure
important
addicted
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READING ─AFTER YOU READ
B. Match
Match the sentence parts.
1. The idea behind Vodafone’s slogan motivated ______
2. When an architect wants more flexibility in his or her design, ______
3. Surprisingly, it was originally the founder’s idea ______
4. According to the most recent rankings, ______
5. Since environmental issues are generating concern worldwide, ______
a. for the headquarters to resemble the company’s merchandise.
b. 7 More London causes less carbon emissions than any other office building.
c. concrete is the perfect material to use because it can be shaped easily.
d. green buildings have been gaining popularity in recent years.
e. the architects who came up with the innovative design plans.
e
c
a
b
d
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READING ─AFTER YOU READ
C. Comprehension Check
Answer the questions.
From whom did Vodafone obtain
the design for its headquarters?
2. What is impressive about the
appearance of the Vodafone
headquarters?
3. Originally, why was the idea of the
Basket Building not taken seriously?
4. What can be seen in the area around
7 More London?
The plans were chosen from the architectural firm Barbosa & Guimarães in a contest.
It looks like it’s moving, and the exterior is decorated with geometric patterns.
The founder was notorious for his enjoyment of fooling people.
The space boasts several office buildings, City Hall, and leisure spots, like cafés, shops, and water fountains.
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WRITING SKILLS
DO
Repeat important words in a series.
Use cleft sentences.
Ask a question after a statement.
DON’T
Boldface, underline, or repeatedly italicize words.
Use capital letters.
Include multiple exclamation points.
definitely, extremely, obviously, certainly, in fact, surprisingly, always, never, without a doubt, particularly, in any case, above all . . .
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WRITING SKILLS
Task I
Underline the stressed points in the paragraph below and circle any emphasis words.
When British immigrants settled in northeast America, they brought their architectural traditions. Not surprisingly, intact historical buildings from this era feature a simpler version of British style, as importing material was costly. Building materials were chosen for their easy production: wood, brick, and stone. Certainly, the most prized decorative element of any house was the chimney.
Before this invention, it was only through the windows that smoke from fires could be ventilated. Can you imagine what a relief it was to no longer have smoke polluting the house? Modern architects continue to build homes in this colonial style, especially in New England.
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WRITING SKILLS
Task II
Rewrite the paragraph to make it more emphatic on a separate sheet of paper.
Suburbs are common, and they can be found ALL OVER the United States. The federal government offered loans and made home ownership affordable after World War II ended. The existence of cars enabled people to drive away from the city to other neighborhoods.
The preference for private homes made them popular. The availability of land made it possible for them to be built. So, suburban areas were created. Supporters believe suburbs are better for families. Others argue building them is bad for the environment. Suburbs are popular!!!!!!
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WRITING SKILLS
Revision:
Suburbs dominate the landscape of the United States. When World War II ended, the federal government offered loans that made home ownership more affordable. It was the existence of cars, a rising preference for private homes, and the availability of land that led to the creation of suburban areas. Although supporters believe living in the suburbs is better for families, others argue that building them has a negative impact on the environment. In any case, they are quite popular.
Task II
Rewrite the paragraph to make it more emphatic on a separate sheet of paper.
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WRITING SKILLS─BEFORE YOU WRITE
Do some Internet research on these buildings. Write down interesting facts using the suggested vocabulary words for emphasis.
These remarkable structures were built between 3,600 and 2,500 BC.
Their courtyards are immense.
Their outer walls are decorated with detailed carvings.
The factory covers an extraordinary 98.3 acres.
The impressive factory is the largest building in the world.
The factory is so spacious because huge airplane parts are made here.
This breathtaking resort has earned many five-star ratings.
It is one of the world-class hotels located on the glittery Las Vegas strip.
The cost to build it was a staggering $2.7 billion.
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WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP
Write a 150-word paragraph about the buildings above. Emphasize the characteristic that makes each famous—age, size, and cost. Include two cleft sentences.
Amazing Constructions
There is special architecture that is sure to leave their visitors in awe. Take the Megalithic Temples of Malta, for example. It’s remarkable that although they were built between 3,600 and 2,500 BC, many parts of them remain intact. The complexes were constructed out of stone, and they feature immense courtyards. Outer walls were detailed with carvings, typically of vegetation or spiral designs. Not as beautiful but impressive in size, Boeing Everett factory holds the extraordinary title of being the largest building in the world, covering 98.3 acres! Have you ever seen anything so gigantic? Obviously, since Boeing airplane parts are manufactured at the facility, it has to be spacious.
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WRITING SKILLS─WRITE IT UP
Write a 150-word paragraph about the buildings above. Emphasize the characteristic that makes each famous—age, size, and cost. Include two cleft sentences.
Amazing Constructions
When it comes to price, the structure that is the most expensive is the Wynn Las Vegas on the glittery Las Vegas Strip. The amount developers spent on its construction was a staggering $2.7 billion. Considering that the breathtaking resort has been awarded more Forbes five-star awards than any other resort or casino, without a doubt, it costs an extravagant amount of money to stay there. Naturally, I hope to see all these places someday.
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The End