Tổng hợp các điểm ngữ pháp
Tiếng anh 11 học kỳ 2
Unit 9: đại từ quan hệ
A pacifist is a person…………..believes that all wars are wrong.
An orphan is a child…………..parents are dead.
I don’t know the name of the woman…………… I met yesterday.
This school is only for children………….first language is not English.
The woman…………..I wanted to see was away on holiday.
who
whose
whom
V  thiếu S
người
người
danh từ  whose
whose
whom
Practice
Các bước nối 2 câu dùng MĐQH:
Bước 1: Tìm và chọn từ hoặc cụm từ trong 2 câu mà cùng chỉ một đối tượng
Bước 2: Thế quan hệ từ vào từ đã chọn ở câu được chọn làm MĐQH sao cho quan hệ từ đó làm đúng chức năng từ nó thay thế
Bước 3: Đặt quan hệ từ lên đầu MĐQH, rồi đặt MĐQH đó ngay sau từ đã chọn ở câu còn lại
A man answered the phone. He told me you were away.

Peter is studying French and German. He has never been abroad.

A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.

You’ve all met Michael Wood. He is visiting us for a couple of days.

A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.

We are moving to Manchester. Manchester is in the north-west.

Some people were arrested. They have now been released.

I ‘ll be staying with Adrian. His brother is one of my closest friends

A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.

John Bridge is one of my oldest friends. He has just gone to live in Canada.

A man answered the phone. He told me you were away.

2. Peter is studying French and German. He has never been abroad.

3. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.

4. You’ve all met Michael Wood. He is visiting us for a couple of days.

A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.

The man who answered the phone told me you were away
Peter, who is studying French an German, has never been
abroad
The waitress who was very impolite an impatient served us
You’ve all met Michel Wood, who is visiting us for a couple
of days
The building which was destroy in the fire has now been
rebuilt
6. We are moving to Manchester. Manchester is in the north-west.

7. Some people were arrested. They have now been released.

8. I ‘ll be staying with Adrian. His brother is one of my closest friends
.
9. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.

10. John Bridge is one of my oldest friends. He has just gone to live in Canada.

We are moving to Manchester, which is in the north-west
The people who were arrested have now been released
I’ll be staying with Adrian, whose brother is one of my
closet friends
The bus which goes to the airport runs every half an hour
John Bridge, who is on of my oldest friends, has just gone
to live in Canada
Unit 10 đtqh có giới từ
Nếu đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho tân ngữ trong MĐQH mà tân ngữ đó theo sau 1 giới từ thì ta có thể chuyển giới từ đó lên trước đại từ quan hệ (thường trong văn viết và văn trịnh trọng)
Nếu MĐQH bắt đầu bằng 1 giới từ thì sau giới từ đó chỉ có thể là whom hoặc which
1. The man was very kind. I talk to him yesterday.

2. The man works in the hospital. I told you about him.

3. The woman teaches me English. I am telling you about her.

4.  I’ll give you the address. You should write to it.

5. The movie is fantastic. They are talking about it.

6. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it.

The man to whom I talked yesterday was very kind
The man about whom I told you works in the hospital
The woman about whom I am telling you teaches me English
I’ll give you the address to which you should write
The movie about which they are talking is fantastic
The picture at which they are looking was beautiful
Mệnh đề quan hệ chứa các đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ who,which that có thể được rút gọn thành cụm hiện tại phân từ
(v-ing) hoặc quá khứ phân từ (v3/-ed).
1.Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn thành cụm phân từ:
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (v-ing) .
Ex : a/ The man who is standing over there is my father.
The man standing over there is my father.
b/ The couple who live next door to me are professors.
The couple living next door to me are professors.
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề bị động thì rút thành cụm quá khứ phân từ (v3/-ed).
Ex: a/The instructions that are given on the front page are very important.
a The instructions given on the front page are very important.
b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting.
The book bought by my mother is interesting.
Unit 11 rút gọn đtqh
* Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu(TO-infinitive)
khi trước đại từ quan hệ có các cụm từ :the first,the second,the last,the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc nhất.

Ex : a/ John was the last person that got the news.
John was the last person to get the news.
b/ He was the best player that we admire.
He was the best player to admire.
2.Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu:


Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences, using a present participial phrase.
The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.

2. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?

3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.


5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.

The boy playing the piano is Ben.
Do you know the woman coming towards us?
The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making
progress.
The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences, using a past participial phrase.
1. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.

2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.

3. They live in a house that was built in 1980.

4. The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary

The ideas presented in that book are interesting.
I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.
They live in a house built in 1980.
The photographs published in the newspaper were
extraordinary.
John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain.

2. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.

3. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.

4. This is the second person who was killed in that way.

5. The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.

The first person to catch the ball will be the winner.
John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain.
The first person (for us) to see is Mr. Smith.
The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.
This is the second person to be killed in that way.
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences, using an infinitive phrase.
Unit 13: câu chẻ
1. Nhấn mạnh chủ từ:
It is/ was + S + that + V + O
2. Nhấn mạnh túc từ
It is/was + O + that + S + V…
3. Nhấn mạnh trạng từ
It is/was + Adv + that + S + V + O
Nếu muốn nhấn mạnh cụm từ nào thì ta chỉ đem cụm đó đặt giữa it was/is và that, các yếu tố khác giữ nguyên
 Nếu là quá khứ thì ta dùng was, hiện tại dùng is


1.The boy visited his uncle last month.
It was the boy that/ who visited his uncle last month.
2. My mother bought me a present on my birthday.
It was my mother that/ who bought me a present on my birthday.
3. Huong and Sandra sang together at the party.
It was Huong and Sandra that/ who sang together at the party.
4. Nam`s father got angry with him.
It was Nam`s father that/ who got angry with him.
5. The boys played football all day long.
It was the boys that/ who played football all day long.
6. The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday.
? It was the girl that/who received a letter from her friend yesterday.
7. His presence at the meeting frightened the children.
? It was his presence at the meeting that frightened the children.

1.Exercise 1
1. The man is learning English.
It is English that the man is learning.
2. The woman gave him the book.
? It was the book that the woman gave him.
3. She sent her friend the postcard.
It was the postcard that she sent her friend.
4. Hoa borrowed the book from Long.
It was the book that Hoa borrowed from Long.
5. The little boy greeted his grandfather in a strange language.
It was his grandfather that/ who(m) the little boy greeted in a strange language.
6. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions.
It was the policeman that/ who(m) the pedestrian asked a lot of questions.
7. The dog barked at the stranger.
? It was the stranger that/ who(m) the dog barked at.
2.Exercise 2
1. The boy hit the dog in the garden.
It was in the garden that the boy hit the dog.
2. She made some cakes for tea.
It was for tea that she made some cakes.
3. His father repaired the bicycle for him.
It was for him that his father repaired the bicycle.
4. She presented him a book on his birthday.
 It was on his birthday that she presented him a book.
5. He met his wife in Britain.
It was in Britain that he met his wife .
6. She bought that present from the shop.
It was from the shop that she bought that present.
7. The meeting started at 8,00a.m.
 It was at 8,00a.m that the meeting started
3.Exercise 3
Unit 15
Could/ be able to
–Khi nói rằng khả năng hoặc cơ hội đó dẫn đến một hành động cụ thể, sự việc thật sự xảy ra, hoặc trong 1 tình huống đặc biệt, chúng ta dùng was / were able to ( không dùng could )
- Chúng ta thường dùng could trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi, với những động từ chỉ nhận thức, cảm giác feel, hear, see, smell, taste, believe, decide, remember, understand…
- Câu giới thiệu dùng “I am”, câu hỏi đuôi là “aren’t I”
- Chủ ngữ là những đại từ bất định “Everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody” câu hỏi đuôi là “they”
- Chủ ngữ là “nothing” thì câu hỏi đuôi dùng “it”. Và Nothing là chủ ngữ có nghĩa là mệnh đề giới thiệu đang ở dạng phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định.
- Trong câu có các trạng từ phủ định và bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly, scarely, little… thì câu đó được xem như là câu phủ định – phần hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh cách (Do…/Don’t do v.v… ),  câu hỏi đuôi thường là … will you?:
Câu hỏi đuôi
Trước khẳng định, sau phủ định và ngược lại
Exercise 1: complete the sentences, using could, couldn`t or was/ were (not) able to.
1, Laura had hurt her leg and_____________________ walk very well.
2, Sue wasn`t at home when I phoned but I_______________contact her at her office.
3, I looked very carefully and I ___________________see a figure in the distance.
4, I wanted to buy some tomatoes. The first shop I went to didn`t have any but I_________________ get some in the next shop.
5, My grandmother loved music. She_______________________play the piano very well.
6, I had forgotten to bring my camera so I_______________________ take any photographs.
was able to
was able to
could / was able to
could / was able to
couldn`t / wasn`t able to
couldn`t / wasn`t able to
Exercise 2: Mark and Jenny were showing some family photographs to a friend . Here are some of the questions that were asked . Complete the questions by adding the tag questions.
That’s a lovely picture of Sally. She looks just like Mary,____________?
2. I think you’ve seen this one before, _____________?
3. This photographs was taken in Scotland,_________?
4. We took this on holiday,_________?
5. We’ll be going there again next year, __________?
6. You can see the sea in the distance, __________?
7. That must be Jenny’s father, _________?
doesn’t she
haven’t you
wasn’t it
didn’t we
won’t we
can’t you
mustn’t it
Unit 16
Dạng này câu chủ động của nó có dạng sau:
People/ they + say/think/believe...  + (that) + S + V + O
Dạng này có 2 cách đổi sang bị động như sau:
- Bước 1:  Lấy chủ từ mệnh đề sau đem ra đầu câu 
- Bước 2: Thêm (be) vào  : (be) chia giống động từ say/think.... 
 -Bước 3: Lấy động từ say/think.. làm P.P để sau (be) 
- Bước 4:Lấy động từ mệnh đề sau đổi thành to INF.  rồi viết lại hết phần sau động từ này.
LƯU Ý :
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề sau trước thì (khác thì)so với say/think.. thì bước 4 không dùng to INF mà dùng : TO HAVE + P.P 
Exercise 1: Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it
It is said that many people are homeless after the floods.
Many people are said
to be homeless after the floods
2. It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall
The prisoner
is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall
3. It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
He
is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour
4. It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident .
Two people
are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident
5. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion
Three men
are said to have been arrested after the explosion.
It is expected that the strike will begin tomorrow
The strike
is expected to begin tomorrow
It is said that he speaks English very well.
He
is said to speak English very well
Exercise 2 : Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it
People think that he is very clever.
He is thought
2. People believe that the wanted man is living in New York
The wanted man
3. People know that he is very rich
He
4. People suppose that the film is very good
The film
5. People think that many people were killed in the accident .
Many people
7. People say that the factories are much worse
The factories
6. People think that about a million puppies are born each year.
About a million puppies
8. People say that those dogs are dangerous.
Those dogs
to be very clever
is believed to be living in the New York
is known to be very rich
is supposed to be very good
are thought to have been killed in the accident
are thought to be born each year.
are said to be much worse.
are said to be dangerous