EXERCISE:

I/ These are incomplete sentences. Circle A, B, C or D as your best choice to complete each sentence.
1. I have just read the book ______ is lying on the table.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
2. This is my teacher, _______ teaches me English.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. that
3. He’s the singer _____ last performance was such a failure.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose

II/ Combine the following sentences, using preposition + whom or which.
1. The flat is very dirty. He lives in it.
The flat in which he lives is very dirty.

2. Helen is the girl. I’ve talked to you about her.
Helen is the girl about whom I’ve talked to you

3. The music sounds really interesting. You are listening to it
 The music to which you are listening sounds really interesting.
A. which

C. who
D. whose

PRONUNCIATION:

/r/ (1) /spl/ (2) /spr/ (3)
shred splash spring
shrill split spray
shrimp spleen spread
shrine splutter sprightly

* Practice reading aloud these sentences
1. They were all shrieking with laughter.
1
2. He shrugged (his shoulders), saying he didn’t know and didn’t care.
1
3. My dad hates shrimp paste.
1
4. What a splendid spring day!
2 3
5. The stream splits into three smaller streams at this point
2
6. The house has a narrow front, but it splays out at the back.
2
GRAMMAR

RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO - INFINITIVES

I/ Relative clauses replaced by participles:
Ex : The picture has won the first prize. It was drawn by a blind.
Ex : The girl is Lan’s sister. She is playing with her dog.
Relative clauses replaced
by past participles
Relative clauses replaced
by present participles
* Note
- We can use a present participles to
replace a relative clause which has an
active meaning.

The picture which was drawn by the blind has won the first prize.
The picture drawn by the blind has won the first prize.

The girl who is playing with the dog is Lan’s sister.

 The girl playing with the dog is Lan’s sister
Relative clauses replaced
by past participles
Relative clauses replaced
by present participles
* Note :
- We can use a past participles to
replace a relative clause which has a
passive meaning.
Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences, using a present participial phrase.

1. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.
The boy playing the piano is Ben.

2. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
Do you know the woman coming toward us ?

3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress.

5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.

6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
 We have an apartment overlooking the park.
Exercise 2 : Rewrite the following sentences, using a past participial phrase

1. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting
The ideas presented in that book are interesting.

2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country
I come from a city located in the southern part of the country

3. They live in a house that was built in 1890.
They live in a house built in 1890.

4. The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary.
The photographs published in the newspaper were extraordinary.

5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.

6. They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government
 They work in a hospital sponsored by the government.
II/ Relative clause replaced by to - infinitive
Ex 1: Which was the first country which won the world cup?
 Which was the first country to win the world cup?
Ex 2: The last person who leaves will have to turn out the lights.
 The last person to leave will have to turn out the lights.
* Notes :
- We can use a to-infinitive to replace a relative clause.
We often use a to-infinitive after an ordinal number (first, second,……, the last) and after superlative adjectives.

Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences, using an infinitive phrase.
1. John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain.
 John the last man to reach the top of the mountain.
2. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
 The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.
3. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith
 The first person to see is Mr. Smith
4. This is the second person who was killed in that way.
 This is the second person to be killed in that way
5. The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.
 The first person to catch the ball will be the winner
HOMEWORK
Learnt by heart : Pronunciation: /r/ /spl/ /spr/

Make 5 sentences relative clauses replaced by participles and to infinitives.

- Prepare reading Unit 12: “VOCABULARY”