Phrase
Group 4:

Phương Oanh
Thảo
Thúy Trang
Hồng Thắm
Thị Oanh
Ánh Nhung
Contents
I. Definition
II. Categories
III. Games
IV. Exercises
I. Definition
Phrase is a collection of words that may have nouns or verbs, but it does not have a subject doing a verb. So a phrase is not a sentence.

The following are examples of phrases:
leaving behind the dog
smashing into a fence
before the first test
after the devastation
between ignorance and intelligence
broken into thousands of pieces

II. Categories
Noun phrase
Adjectival phrase
Adverbial phrase
Verb phrase
Prepositional phrase
Participial phrase
Infinitive phrase
Gerund phrase

1. Noun phrase
A noun phrase is a group of related words which play the role of a noun, a subject or object of a verb. A noun phrase consists of a noun and all of its modifiers, which can include other phrases. Like all phrases, a noun phrase does not have a subject and a verb.

Example:

I have found the owner of the dog.

John was late.

The crazy old lady in the park feeds the pigeons every day.

2. Adjectival phrase
An adjectival phrase is a group of words that does the work of an adjective and follows the noun it is modifying. Adjective is a word which gives an additional detail about the meaning of a noun or pronoun.

Example:

Mr. Clinton is a man of great wealth.

He walked through the street covered with mud.

He is a man without a friend
3. Adverbial phrase
Adverb is a word which gives an additional detail about the meaning of a verb or an adjective or another adverb. So the work of an adverb which is done by a group of words’ can be called ADVERBIAL PHRASE.

Example:

Clinton ran with great speed.

Jack bought the flowers for his mother.

The mango fell on this spot.
4. Verb phrase
The verb phrase can refer to the whole predicate of a sentence. Verb phrases are easy to recognize. They consist of a verb and all the related helping words. Verb phrases function as single-word verbs, to express action or to link subject and complement.

Example:

I have been asking for a raise for ten years.

Despite being an actor, he has never actually succeeded in learning many lines

I`ve just been working on this, and the problem is in the cable
5. Prepositional phrase
A phrase that consists of a preposition and its objects such as: noun, pronoun,… Prepositional phrases function as adjectives, adverbs or nouns.

Example:

The announcement for the play arrived after it was over.

He walked into the meeting just as the president arrived.

For you to pass your test is the reason for having a tutor.
6. Participial phrase
Participial phrases are made of a present participle (VERB-ing) or past participle (VERB-ed/c3) with any modifiers that complete the idea. Participles function as adjectives; therefore, participial phrases also function as adjectives. They often describe the subject of the sentence.

Example:

Jack spotted his brother throwing rocks at the passing cars.

Crushed to pieces by a sledgehammer, the computer no longer worked.
7. Infinitive phrase
An infinitive phrase is made of an infinitive and modifiers. An infinitive is the word "to" followed by a verb (to + simple form of verb). This type of phrase functions as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.

Example:
I love to bake cakes. (As noun)
Let me show you the best way to paint the door. (As adjective)

The officer returned to help the inspectors


8. Gerund phrase
A gerund phrase is made of a gerund and modifiers. A gerund is a verb with an "ing" ending that functions as a noun. Gerund phrases look like some participial phrases. The difference is that participial phrases function as adjectives; gerund phrases function as nouns.

Example:

I love baking cakes.

Eating blackberries without washing them will make you ill.

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IV. Exercises
He does his work without care.
=> adverbial phrase
2. The bus went along Nguyễn Trãi Street and hit the top of the tunnel.
=>repositional phrase
3. He wanted to see the Eiffel Tower, but he didn`t know where it was.
=> infinitive phrase
4. Sam hates getting a headache when he works late.
=> gerund phrase
5. He wrote a letter to raise funds for the foundation.
=> infinitive phrase

IV. Exercises (cont)
6. He showed us the cabinet, painted a brilliant green.
=>participial phrase

7. His favorite activity is sailing down the Nahanni River.
=>gerund phrase phrase


8. The actor, pausing for a moment, looked at the crowd.
=>participial phrase


9. There are a number of factors.
=>prepositional phrasel

10. Mark returned the damaged package to the manufacturer
=>participial phrase
.