PHRASEOLOGY
GROUP 7:
1. Cao Thị Yến Nhi
2. Võ Nguyễn Như Thủy
3. Nguyễn Huỳnh Xuân Tiên
4. Nguyễn Thị Thanh Trang
5. Lê Thị Thanh Tuyền
CONTENT:
Definition
Characteristic
1. Semantic features
2. Structural features
III. Classification
1. Semantic principle
2. The structural principle
IV. Proverbs, idioms
1. Proverbs
2. Idioms
V. Exercise
I. Definition:
Phraseology is the study of set expressions called phraseological units.
A phraseological unit is a stable word – group characterized by a completely or partially transferred meaning (professor A.V.Koonin).
Ex: A piece of cake
Look for a needle in a haystack
? Easy to do
? Begin searching for something with only a slim chance of success
II. Characteristics

1. Semantic features:
a. Motivated meaning: the current meanings of constituent words build up certain picture.
b. Non – motivated meaning: the actual meaning of the whole unit has little or nothing to do with that picture in itself creating an entirely new image
Ex:
Kill two birds with one stone.


- It never rains but it pours.


 Two goals are accomplished by doing one thing.
 Troubles come all at the same time.
2. Structural features
a. Unchangeable expressions:
- The grammatical structure and lexical components of a set expression are stable. No word can be substituted for any meaningful component of a phraseological unit without destroying its sense.
Ex: To give somebody the cold shoulder
 “To treat somebody coldly, to ignore or cut him” (but a warm shoulder or a cold elbow makes no sense at all).
b. Changeable expressions:
Words can be substituted.
Ex: To kill two birds with one stone.
 One might say “I killed three birds with one stone.”
III.Classification:
1. Semantic principle
2. Structural principle
Phraseological combinations:
They are word – groups with a partially changed meaning. They may be said to be clearly motivated. The meaning of the unit can be easily deduced from the meanings of its constituents
 As nervous as mouse
 As sweet as honey
 Fire someone
Dismiss someone from a job
b) Phraseological unities:
They are word – groups with a completely changed meaning. The meaning of the unit does not correspond to the meanings of its constituent parts. They are motivated units.
Ex: - To fish in trouble waters
 Take advantage of a trouble state or affairs.
- Look for a needle in a haystack
 Begin search for something with only a slim chance of success
c) Phraseological fusions:
They are word – groups with a completely changed meaning, but in contrast to the unities, they are demotivated, that is their meaning can not be deduced from the meanings of the constituent parts.
EX: A nice kettle of fish
A state of confusion
A beat about the bush
 Approach a matter, in an indirect matter
Exercise: Classify the following sentences into three types of phraseology
1) As pretty as picture
 Phraseological combination
2) One’s cup of tea
 Phraseological unit
3) Like mad
 Phraseological combination
4) When the cat’s away, the mice will play
 Phraseological fusion

5) Fall on deaf ears
 Phraseological unit

6) By the skin of one’s teeth
 Phraseological fusion
2. Structural principle
a. Set expressions functioning like nouns
Ex: - Skeleton in the cupboard ( a dreadful family secret)
- A met blanket ( a discouraging person)
b. Set expressions functioning like verbs
Ex: - Give up the ghost ( die)
- Go off one’s head ( become crazy)
c. Set expressions functioning like adjectives
Ex: - As happy as a king
- As poor as a church house
- Hard and fast rules (strict rules)

d. Set expressions functioning like adverbs
Ex: - In black and white ( in writing)
- In the same boat ( in the same unfortunate circumstance)
- In cold blood ( purposely and without feeling)
e. Set expressions functioning like prepositions
Ex: - As a result of…
- As a matter of fact…
f. Set expressions functioning like interjections
Ex: - Take it easy!
- God bless you!
g. Set expressions functioning like sentences
Ex: - Crocodile tears ( false tears)
- The proof of the pudding is in eating
( people are fudged by their actions).0
VI. Proverbs
and Idiom
1. Proverbs

 A short saying expressing popular wisdom,
a truth or a moral lesson.

Example:
2. Many hands make light work.
 Work is easy when many people help to do it
1. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Proverbs are also set expressions. Their meaning is usually figurative, and they are really units as well.
( Proverbs are sentences, denoting moral lesson)
1. Proverbs
Proverbs are also set expressions. Their meaning is usually figurative, and they are really units as well.
( Proverbs are sentences, denoting moral lesson)
Example:
- More haste, less speed
Cứ từ từ bạn nhé!
()
(^_^)
(When something is done hastily, there is more likelihood of time being wasted rather than saved).
They are also set expressions, short sayings usually characterized by the fact that their meaning can not easily be deduced from their components.
2. Idioms
( Idioms are set expressions, short saying .They are not instructive, moral in nature)
- Like water off a duck’s back
Example:
- Cat one’s heart out
- Like a fish out of water
( no effect or reaction)

( feel unhappy over something)


( in a place not suited to one)


INTELLECTUAL GAME
Rules of the game
Question
Can you help me? Help…me!!!!
Rules of the game

Remember to me, if you do not know!!!
You choose the correct answers
a
b
c
d
l
k
n
o
p
q
t
m
1) To break the news
A. To tell someone good news
B. To tell someone something unpleasant
C. To announce
D. To broadcast news quickly
Answer
Question
Not the first answer is die!!!
B
2) To build castles in the air.
A. to dream & plan for things which are
unlikely to come true.
B. to have no effect.
C. to decide reasonably.
D. to consider everything carefully.
Answer
Question
A
3) To burn the midnight oil.
A. To run out of oil.
B. To work or study into the night.
C. To work carefully.
D. To work carelessly.
Answer
Question
B
To be like water off a duck ‘s back.
A. to have good effect.
B. to have hope.
C. to have no effect.
D. to have nothing.
Answer
Question
C
5) One’s bread and butter.
A. one’s main food.
B. one’s food.
C. one’s favorite food.
D. one’s living.
Answer
Question
D
6) See eye to see.
A. face to face.
B. to agree.
C. to love each other.
D. to fall in love.
Answer
B
Question
1. A bad egg
2. Hit the sack
3. Fell blue
Go to bed
Fell sad and lonely
A worthless person
Question
All ears
Thick in the head
Run into someone
Meet unexpectedly
Stupid
Being eager to hear what s.o has to say
Question
Make a mountain out of a molehill
Out of the blue
Under the weather
Making a small problem seems a very big problem
Unexpected
I’ll sick; unwell
Making a small problem seems a very big problem
Unexpected
I’ll sick; unwell
Question
A cat my look at a king
Question
Many hands make light work
Question
Tomorrow
Today
He laughs best who laughs last
Question
kill two birds with one stone