English 8
UNIT 7 . POLLUTION

PERIOD 55: A CLOSER LOOK 1
Welcome to our class
* WARM UP: BRAINSTORMING
POLLUTION
Air pollution
Light pollution
Soil pollution
Water pollution
Noise pollution
visual pollution
Thermal pollution
radioactive pollution
A. VOCABULARY. 1. Complete the table with appropriate verbs, nouns and adjectives:
1.
poison
.contaminate
pollutant
polluted
death
damaged
2. Complete the sentences with the words from the table in 1. You do not need to use all the words. The first letter of each word has been provided.
1. The p____________ chemical waste is dumped into the river
2. Do you know what p__________ cause air pollution ?
3. The d _________ fish are floating in the water.
4. Don’t drink that water. It’s c____________ .
5. The acid rain has caused d____________ to the trees in the area.
6. If we p ____________ the air, more peple will have breathing problems.
oisonous
ollutants
ead
ontaminated
amage
ollute
Grammar
Phrases of cause and effect
1. since/ because + clause: bởi vì
- Since the water is polluted, the fish are dead.
- Because the water is polluted, the fish are dead.
2. due to/ because of st : bởi vì
- The fish are dead because of the polluted water .
- The fish are dead due to the polluted water .
CAUSE :nguyên nhân
- The water is polluted, so the fish are dead.
1. so + clause
EFFECT : kết quả
2. to cause sth / to lead to st / to result in sth
- The polluted water causes/ results in the death of the fish
3. to make sb / sth do sth
- The polluted water makes the fish die .
CAUSE
Here are some words and phrases you can use to signal the cause of a problem:
Because / since + clause
Example:
Because / Since the water is polluted, the fish are dead.
due to / because of + sth
Example:
The fish are dead due to / because of the polluted water
EFFECT
Here are some words and phrases you can use to signal the effect of a problem:
so + clause
Example:
The water is polluted, so the fish are dead.
to cause sth / to lead to sth / to result in sth
Example:
The polluted water causes / results in the death of the fish .

- contamination (n):
- birth defect (n):
expose to (v):
be exposed to :
Vocabulary
sự làm ô uế, sự làm bẩn
khuyết tật bẩm sinh
tiếp xúc với
bị nhiễm
3a. Decide which sentence in each pair of sentences is a cause and which is an effect. Write C (for cause) or E (for effect) next to each sentence. Note that the words in brackets relate to Activity 3b.
People throw litter on the ground. …. Many animals eat the litter and become sick. … (because)
2. Ships spill oil in oceans and rivers. … Many aquatic animals and plants die…. ( lead to)
3. Households dump waste into the river. … It is polluted…… (so)
4. Their children have birth defects. … The parents were exposed to radiation. …. (since)
5. We can’t see the stars at night. …. There is too much light pollution. ..… (due to)
C
E
C
E
C
E
E
C
E
C
3b. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause / effect relationship. Use the cause or effect signal word or phrase given in brackets. You will have to add, delete, or change words in most sentences.
People throw litter on the ground. Many animals eat the litter and become sick. (because)
 Because people throw litter on the ground, Many animals eat the litter and become sick.
 Many animals eat the litter and become sick because people throw litter on the ground.
2. Ships spill oil in oceans and rivers. Many aquatic animals and plants die. ( lead to)
 Oil spills from ships in oceans and rivers lead to the death of many aquatic animals and plats die.
3. Households dump waste into the river. It is polluted. (so)
 Households dump waste into the river so it is polluted.
4. Their children have birth defects. The parents were exposed to radiation. (since)
 Since the parents were exposed to radiation . their children have birth defects.
5. We can’t see the stars at night. There is too much light pollution. (due to)
We can’t see the stars at night due to the light pollution.
3. We won’t have fresh watwer to drink because of water pollution
3. We won’t have fresh water to drink because of water pollution.
2. The soil is polluted, so plants can’t grow.
4. We plant trees, so we can have fresh air.
II. PRONUNCIATION
- Adding the suffix –ic changes the stress of a word. Stress the syllable immediately before the suffix.
Example: atom  atomic
-Adding the suffix –al to a word does not change its stress.
Example: music  musical
Note: If a word can take both suffixes: one ending in -ic and other ending in –al, both words have the stress on the same syllable.
Example: economy  economic  economical
Stress in words ending in –ic and -al
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thuộc điền kinh
At home

Revise the new words, exercises, pronunciation. Make sentences with the way to use “cause and effect” in the work notebook.
Complete Ex.3b
Prepare the new lesson : A closer look 2

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