REVIEW1:
Units 1-2-3
Welcome dear students of the class 12A8-12A9

A- READING
Counter-urbanisation
1. Read the text about the causes and effects of counter-urbanisation.
While urbanisation has led to fast urban growth, counter-urbanisation has resulted in the opposite situation. Counter-urbanisation happens when a great number of people move from urban areas into rural areas.
This phenomenon is linked to the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors of migration. Trying to avoid overcrowded inner cities, city dwellers look for larger, cleaner and quieter houses with more land at cheaper prices in rural or suburban areas. They want to escape the air and noise pollution, and the crime in inner cities.
However, counter-urbanisation causes serious problems in the shrinking cities. These cities face severe economic strain and a sharp increase in poverty. Despite declining populations, they still have to spend money maintaining infrastructure, such as roads, sanitation, public transport, etc.., built for a much larger population.
Meanwhile, villages in the countryside become increasingly urbanised, grow fast and soon lose their uniqueness and charm. Local prices go up because city migrants have more money. They earn money from well-paid city jobs and high-valued city properties. Villagers often find it more and more difficult to earn a living and provide for their families.
Counter-urbanisation has caused many negative effects. Governments should find urgent short-term solutions before implementing a long-term comprehensive programme to make life sustainable for people in both urban and rural areas.

skills
2. Read the text again and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG), and tick the correct box.
B-SPEAKING
Historical figures

3. Work with a partner. Use the information in the table below or your own ideas to make a conversation about one of the historical figures.



LE HUONG: Who are you going to talk about in your presentation tomorrow?
HUNG ANH: I’m going to talk about our courageous female warrior – Lady Trieu (Trieu Thi Trinh). She was an image of a brave warrior going into battles on an elephant. She led Vietnamese people against the Wu invaders in 248.
LE HUONG: You should also mention the year of her birth and death. Lady Trieu was born in 226 and died in 248.
HUNG ANH: I will. Though she died young, she was given the honorary title ‘Most Noble, Courageous and Virtuous Lady’ by King Ly Nam De (503-548).


C-LISTENING
Wave energy
4. Listen to the recording about wave energy. Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
1. Wave energy, produced by ocean surface waves, is both _______.
A. friendly and efficient
B. eco-friendly and efficient
C. eco-friendly and cost-efficient
2. Using 1% of wave energy can provide the equivalent of _____ the energy consumption worldwide.
A. 50 times
B. 500 times
C. 5000 times
3. Building and operating wave power stations in the ocean is far _______ than on land.
A. more expensive
B. more difficult
C. more expensive and difficult
4. Salt water is a very hostile environment to devices, which become _______ and cannot last long.
A. rusty easily
B. rusty slowly
C. rusty
5. Progress in renewable energy technology will soon allow Viet Nam to ______ effectively and effciently.
A. export wave energy
B. exploit wave energy
C. explore wave energy
D-WRITING
Solar energy
5. Write meaningful sentences about the pros and cons of solar energy. Use the words given
1. solar energy/ come directly/ sun/ renewable energy source/ sustainable/.
=> Solar energy comes directly from the sun and this renewable energy source is sustainable.
2. this type/ energy/ environmentally friendly/ not cause pollution/.
=> This type of energy is environmentally friendly and does not cause pollution.
3. solar energy/ available everywhere/ very quiet/ devices/ not have moving parts/.
=> Solar energy is available everywhere and is very quiet because solar energy/its devices do not have any moving parts.
4. solar panels/ expensive/ use rare/ special materials/ technology/ store solar energy/ costly/.
=> Solar panels are expensive as they use rare and special materials, and the technology used to store solar energy is costly.
5. solar energy/ not always available/ access/ sunlight/ limited/ certain times/.
=> Solar energy is not always available since access to sunlight is limited at certain times.
6. although/ greener/ fossil fuels/ production/ solar panels/ emit/ greenhouse gases/.
=> Although it is greener than fossil fuels, the production of solar panels may emit some greenhouse gases.


6. Use the ideas in 5 (and your own ideas) to an essay of 180-250 words about the pros cons of solar energy.

Nowadays, it has become necessary to use green technology with green renewable energy sources. Among all green energy sources, solar energy is the most important renewable energy source, which has both advantages and disadvantages.
First of all, solar energy comes directly from the sun and this abundant renewable energy source is sustainable. In general, this type of energy is environmentally friendly and does not cause pollution. Another advantage is that solar energy is available everywhere in the world, not only in hot and sunny countries near the Equator. Furthermore, it is very quiet because solar energy devices do not have any moving parts.

However, solar energy is not cheap. Solar panels are expensive to produce as they use rare and special materials. In addition, the technology used to store solar energy is costly. A further disadvantage is that solar energy is not always available since access to sunlight is limited at certain times. Furthermore, although it is greener than fossil fuels, the production of solar panels may emit some greenhouse gases.

In short, there is no energy source that is completely risk-free. However, the pros of solar energy as a renewable energy source outweigh the cons. I hope that further development of green technology will soon eliminate the disadvantages.

THANK YOU FOR COMING TO CLASS
12A8-12A9



WISH YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS ALWAYS HEALTHY
THE END!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
12A812A9