General Chemistry, 5th ed.
Whitten, Davis & Peck
Acids, Bases and Salts
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BASE
A substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution.
Strong soluble bases are soluble in water and are completely dissociated.
Weak bases ionize only slightly.
ACID
A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions.
Strong acids ionize completely in dilute solutions.
Weak acids ionize only slightly.
SALT
A compound that contains a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or O-2
ELECTROLYTE
A substance whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity.
Remember: ions are charged particles. Movement of charged particles conducts electricity.
Ionic compounds are electrolytes
NONELECTROLYTE
A substance whose aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity.
Molecular compounds are non-electrolytes
STRONG ELECTROLYTE
A substance that conducts electricity well in dilute aqueous solution.
Three major classes of solutes are strong electrolytes: strong acids, strong soluble bases and most soluble salts
WEAK ELECTROLYTE
A substance that conducts electricity poorly in dilute aqueous solution.
STRONG ACID
An acid that ionizes (separates into ions) completely, or very nearly completely, in dilute aqueous solutions
EX: H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, HClO3, HClO4, HI, HBr
WEAK ACID
An acid that ionizes only slightly in dilute aqueous solution
EX: HF, HC2H3O2, HCN, HNO2, H2CO3, H3PO4, H2SO3, (COOH)2
STRONG SOLUBLE BASE
Metal hydroxide that is soluble in water and dissociates completely in dilute aqueous solution
EX: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
WEAK BASE
A molecular substance that ionizes only slightly in water to produce an alkaline (base) solution
EX: NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2
HC2H3O2
Weak Acid
H2SO4
Strong Acid
HNO3
Strong Acid
HCl
Strong Acid
NaOH
Strong Soluble Base
HClO3
Strong Acid
HClO4
Strong Acid
HCN
Weak Acid
HNO2
Weak Acid
HI
Strong Acid
C6H5NH2
Weak Base
HF
Weak Acid
KOH
Strong Soluble Base
HBr
Strong Acid
NH3
Weak Base
H2CO3
Weak Acid
CsOH
Strong Soluble Base
Sr(OH)2
Strong Soluble Base
H3PO4
Weak Acid
Ca(OH)2
Strong Soluble Base
H2SO3
Weak Acid
LiOH
Strong Soluble Base
(COOH)2
Weak Acid
Ba(OH)2
Strong Soluble Base
CH3NH2
Weak Base