Passive transformation
S+V+O
a.Objiect is a noun or phrase
e.g: The cat killed the mouse .
The mouse was killed by the cat .
e.g: Many people heard the noise of the explosion .
The noise of the explosion was heard by many people.
b. Object is a clause .
e.g: He saw that the plan was useless .
There are three ways of transformation
+ Use the passive structures with “IF “
Eg: He saw the plan was useless .
It’s was seen that the plan was useless.
Eg + He explain that nothing could be done .
It’s explained that nothing could be done .
+ Use the passive structures with bare form ( to infinitive ).If the action in object clause is first , use perfect infinitive .
eg:They said that the President had arrived in the city .
The president was said to have arrived in the city.




Eg : They said that the president was arriving in the city .
The president was said to be arriving in the city .
If the action in objective clause happens after the main clause , use simple infinitive Eg : They expect that the President will arrive soon .
The President is expected to arrive soon .
+ Use object clause as subject :
Eg: They showed me that he was an honest man .
That he was an honest man was shown to me .

Eg. John mentioned to me that he was sick .
That he was sick was mentioned to me by John .
2. S+V+O +present participle .
When Object differs from the subject .
Eg : He kept me waiting .
I was kept waiting .
b. When Object is the same Subject >
Eg: I remember my father taking me to the zoo .
I remember being taken to thee zoo by ….
Eg: Mary hates people looking at her .
Mary hates being looked at .
3. S+V+O+ infinitive .
a. Infinitive with to .
Eg : We asked him to do it .
He was asked to do it .
Eg: I should love someone to take me out to dinner .
I should love to be taken out to dinner .
b.Infinitive without to .
Eg:I made John do it .
John was made to do it .
Eg:They have never known him behave so badly .
he has never been known to behave so badly .

Eg: They let Bob teach Mary .
They let Mary be taught be Bob .
4. S+V+O+Adj .
Eg. We painted the door green .
Yhe door was painted green .
5. S+V+O+C .
Eg: I consider it a shame .
It is consider a shame .
6. S +V +O +O .
Eg: He gave the girl a doll .
+ The girl was given a doll
+ A doll was given (to) the girl .
7. S +V +O + Prepositional object .
Eg: I explain the difficulty to him .
The difficulty was explained to him .
II. Special passive constructions .
Commands .
Eg : Give the order .
Let the order be given .
2. Let.
Eg : They let her go .
She was let go

3. Double passive.( Thô ®éng kÐp )
D¹ng thô ®éng kÐp n»m trong cïng mét mÖnh ®Ò
e.g : They ordered the man to be shot .
The man was ordered to be shot .
b. D¹nh thô ®éng còng cã thÓ xuÊt hiÖn ë trong tÊt c¶ c¸c c©u .
Eg: Someone has found the boy the people wanted .
The boy who was wanted has been found .( hai thô ®éng )
Eg: People expect you to interest yourself in the job they have offered you .
You are expected to be interested in the job you have been offered . ( ba thô ®éng )
4.CÊu tróc bÞ ®éng víi GET vµ BECOME.
Get + qu¸ khø ph©n tõ ®­îc dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ nh÷ng sù viÖc g©y bÊt ngê hay khã .
Eg: He got hurt on the way home .
Eg: As I passed by , my shirt got caught on a nail.
Eg: Someone pushed Jane’s elbow and her drink got spilt .
b. Become + qu¸ khø ph©n tõ ®­îc dïng ®Ó chØ sù gia t¨ng vÒ sè l­îng .
Eg: This newspaper has already become widely read in the city .

5. C©u cã cÊu tróc víi nghÜa bÞ ®éng :
Have / Get smt + past participle .
Eg: We must have /get another key made .
Eg: John is having/ getting his photos developed
6. Sau there be cã thÓ dïng ®éng tõ nguyªn mÉu d¹ng bÞ ®éng hoÆc chñ ®éng .
Eg: There is a lot of work to do / to be done .
Eg: There are some letters to write / to be written .
7. C©u cã ®éng tõ need víi nghÜabÞ ®éng .
Eg: The wondows need cleaning / to be cleaned .
Eg: The room needs re-decorating / to be re-decorated.