No 43:

unit 7- language focus
II. Pronunciation
III. Grammar
IV. Practice
V. Consolidation and homework
I. Warm - up
Give the English word for each of the following pictures.
glass
ice-cream
Queen
grape
Clock
1> Listen and repeat
/kl/ /gl/ /kr/ /gr/ /kw/
clean glean crowd grow quarrel
class glass cranky green quarter
claim struggle crash grouping quality
quickly ugly creature ground queen

. 2 > Practise reading aloud this dialogue:
A: Didn’t you go to the cricket club?
B: Yes, I did go to the cricket club.
A: Was it crowed?
B: Quite crowded.
A: Was Greg there?
B: Greg was there, yes. And Robert Queen was there, too.
A: Does Robert Queen like cricket?
B: No, he doesn’t. He quarrelled with Greg. He
went to the pub and drank some glasses of beer.
A: Oh dear!
B: Mm. Shall I take your clothes to the cleaner’s
How to use conditional types 1, 2 and 3, and conditional in reported speech.
1> How to use conditional types 1, 2 and 3:
a> Conditional type 1:
Used to express situations and consequences which are either real or possible to exist in the present time or in the future
If + S + V , S + Will + V(inf)
- I, you, we, they + V(inf)
- He, she, it + V(s/es)
+) V(es) with verbs ending in ch, sh, s, o, x, z and y (providing that before "y" is a consonant )
e.g: +> If you study harder, you will pass the exam.
+> If my mother gives me some money tomorrow, I will buy some books.
+) Note:
+) unless = If.. not
.
e.g: If it doesn`t rain this Sunday, we will go camping.
=> Unless it rains this Sunday, we will go camping.
+) If if-clause is placed after main clause, then a comma is omitted
e.g: I will come to see you if I have time next week.
b> Conditional type 2:
Used to express situations and consequences which are either unreal or impossible to exist in the present time.
If + S + V(ed) , S + Would + V(inf)
e.g:
+> My elder brother would buy a car if he had a lot of money.
+> If I didn`t have to study now I would join my friend`s birthday party.
* Note:
The verb "to be" in the conditional type 2 is always "were" for all persons.
e.g:
If I were you, I would go to school on time.
c> Conditional type 3:
Used to express situations and consequences which are unreal in the past or contrary to what happened in the past. This is often used to express regret and criticism
If + S + Had + V(pp) , S + Would have + V(pp)
+> If my elder brother had studied harder, he would have passed the exams to university last year.
e.g:
+> She wouldn`t have come to class late if she had got up early yesterday.
2) Conditional in reported speech:
a) Reported speech: totally, there are 8 changes when we change direct speech into reported speech, depending on different parts of speech in each sentence
(a1) Change of tenses:
(a2) Change of subjects
(a3) Change of possessive adjectives
(a4) Change of demonstrative pronouns:
(a7)for "yes-no" questions, we should use "If/ whether" as conjunction in reported speech.
(a8) Change of objects
(a6) Change of word-order in questions: questions will turn into statements in terms of word-order
(a5) Change of adverbials of time and place:
- Simple present tense => simple past
- Present continuous => past continuous
- simple past
- Present perfect
- past continuous
Present perfect continuous
(a1) Change of tenses: the tense in reported speech is "more past" than direct speech.
Will/can/may + V(inf) => Would/could/might + V(inf)
- Must/have to + V(inf) => had to + V(inf)
=> past perfect
=> past perfect continuous
- Is/are going to + V(inf) => was/were going to + V(inf)
a4) Change of demonstrative pronouns:
- This => That
- These => those
- Now => Then / at that time
- Today => That day
- Yesterday => The previous day / the day before
- Tomorrow => The following day / the next day
- Last + time => The previous + time
e.g: Last year => the previous year
- Next + time => The following + time
e.g: Next week => The following week
- Time + ago => time + before / earlier
e.g: 3 years ago => 3 years before / earlier
- Here => there
(a5) Change of adverbials of time and place:
b> Conditional in reported speech:
Basically, the conditionals in reported speech just keep the same changes as normal statements in reported speech. There is only an exception for "tenses" in conditional type 2 and 3 ("tenses" in conditional type 2 and 3 stay the same in reported speech).
e.g:
e.g: "If the weather is fine this weekend, we will go for a picnic" he said.
=> He said if the weather were fine that weekend, we would go for a picnic.
+)But: "If I had enough money, I would buy a new motorbike" he said.
=> He said if he had enough money, he would buy a new motorbike.
"If she had studied her lesson, she wouldn`t have got bad mark" he said.
=> He said if she had studied her lesson, she wouldn`t have got bad mark.
Exercise 1:
5
3
2
4
6
+> If it doesn`t rain, I (come) _______ to see you.
=> If it doesn`t rain, I will come to see you.
+> If it didn`t rain, I (come) _______ to see you.
=> If it didn`t rain, I would come to see you.
Examples:
1
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
Number 1
1. I (drive) _____ to work if I had a car.
=> I would drive to work if I had a car.
Number 2
2. Where in Vietnam would you like to live if you (can) _____ choose?
=> Where in Vietnam would you like to live if you could choose?
3. If the weather (be) ___ good, we will have lunch outside.
=> If the weather is good, we will have lunch outside.
Number 4
4. If the company offers me a job, I think I (take) __ it.
=> If the company offers me a job, I think I will take it.
5. Many people would be out of work if that factory (close) _____ down.
=> Many people would be out of work if that factory closed down.
Number 6
6. If you finish before 4:30, I (come) _____ and pick you up.
=> If you finish before 4:30, I will come and pick you up.
Exercise 2
1
5
3
2
4
+> If he had listened to me, he (not/fail) _____ in the exams.
=> If he had listened to me, he wouldn`t have failed in the exams.
+> If I (know) ______ about the job, I would have applied for it.
=> If I had known about the job, I would have applied for it.
Examples:
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form:
1. They would have paid you more if they (be told) __________ of its value.
=> They would have paid you more if they had been told of its value.
Number 2
2. If I (realise) __________ that Greg wanted to get up early, I would have woken him up.
=> If I had realised that Greg wanted to get up early, I would have woken him up.
Number 3
3. If you had had breakfast, you (not/ be) _______ hungry.
=> If you had had breakfast, you wouldn`t have been hungry.
Number 4
4. If the had had enough money, they (buy) ______ that house.
=> If the had had enough money, they would have bought that house.
5. If he (study) ________ harder, he would have passed the exams.
=> If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exams.
Exercise 3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Examples:
+> " If I were you, I wouldn`t buy that coat," she said.
=> She said (that) if she were me, she woudn`t buy that coat.
+> "I will come to see you, if I have time," the man said to her.
=> the man told her (that) he would come to see her if he had time.
Change the following conditional sentences into reported speech.

Number 1

1. "I will come to see you if I have time," the man said to her.
=> The man told her that he would come to see her if he had time.
Number 2
2. " What would you do if someone stepped on your feet?" he asked her.
=> He asked her what she would say if someone stepped on her feet.
3. "If it doesn`t rain, we will go out with you," they said to me.
=> They told me that if it didn`t rain they would go out with me.
4. "What would you do if you were a billionaire?" the man asked the woman.
=> The man asked the woman what she would do if she were a billionaire.
Number 5
5. "If you had asked me, I would have lent you my motorbike," that man said to me.
=> The man told that if I had asked him he would have lent me his motorbike.
Number 6
6. "They would be very disappointed if you did not come," the man said to his daughter.
=> The man told his daughter that they would be very disappointed if she did not come.
Number 7
7. "I`m sure they will understand if you explain the situation to them," the boy said to the girl.
=> The boy told the girl that he was sure they would understand if she explained the situation to them.
At home, learn the grammar
points, do exercises on page
48 and 49, and prepare for the
next lesson.