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table of contents:

01

Introduction.

02

Atomic models (timeline).

03

Importance.

04

What is an atom?

05

What are its components?

06

Particle-to-mass relationship.

07

What is electron configuration?

08

Conclusion.

Introduction
The discovery and understanding of
the atom's structure have
revolutionized our comprehension
of matter.
Throughout history, scientists have
explored and refined the atomic
model, enabling us to grasp how the
atom's fundamental components
influence chemical behavior and the
properties of the surrounding matter.

Atomic models (timeline)

What is matter
made of?

Discovery of
the electron

Jumping
electrons

Current atomic
model

189

191

192

7

3

7

180

191

3

Planetary model

First atomic
theory

1

192

Quantum atomic
model

0

Importance
The role of atomic structure in chemical
reactions and energy technologies drives
innovation across various scientific
disciplines.
The atom's structure shapes the behavior
of matter, underpinning current
chemistry, physics, and technology.
Understanding atomic structure unlocks
perspectives on matter's properties,
propelling scientific advancements.

What is
an atom?
The atom is the fundamental unit of
matter.
It consists of a central nucleus containing
positively charged protons and neutral
neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of
negatively charged electrons.
The interaction between these
particles determines the properties
and behavior of chemical elements.

What are its components?
ELECTRON CLOUD

Region around the nucleus
where electrons orbit.

ATOMIC ORBITALS

Three-dimensional regions where
electrons are most likely to be found
in an atom.

ELECTRON

Negatively charged subatomic
particle orbiting the nucleus.

What are its components?
NEUTRON

Neutral particle in the atomic
nucleus alongside protons.

ATOMIC NUCLEUS

Positively charged center of the atom
containing protons and neutrons.

PROTON

Positively charged particle
in the atomic nucleus.

Particle-to-mass relationship.
1. MASS COMPARISON:

The Proton-Electron Mass Ratio (PEMR)
indicates that protons and neutrons are much
more massive than electrons in an atom.

2. IMPACT ON ATOMIC MASS:

The electron's mass is negligible compared to
that of protons and neutrons, predominantly
determining atomic mass.

3. EFFECT ON CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

PEMR influences chemical properties by
affecting electron attraction to the nucleus,
thereby influencing reactivity and chemical
bonding.

What is electron
configuration?

The arrangement of
electrons orbiting
the nucleus is
referred to as
electronic
configuration.

The electronic
configuration dictates
how an atom
interacts with others,
influencing its ability
to form chemical
bonds and engage in
reactions.

This understanding
is crucial for
explaining the
properties and
behaviors of
elements in the
periodic table.

electronic configuration
Number of
electrons per
level

2e

8e

18
e

32
e

32
e

18
e

8e

Orbital name

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

Energy sublevels

s

s, p

s, p, d

s, p,
d, f

s, p,
d, f

s, p, d

s, p

Conclusion
The structure of the atom, understood
through its components and their
relationships, along with electronic
configuration, forms the foundation of
our understanding of chemistry.
This knowledge has enabled us to
unravel the secrets of matter and create
technologies that enhance our lives.

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