VSTEP Writing Task 2 e
By Mr. Anh
SGU
Cause/Effect/Solution essay
Problem > Causes > Solutions
- You are given a problem and you are asked to present some causes and solutions.
Problem > Effects > Solutions
- You are given a problem and you are asked to present some causes and effects of it as well as some measures to it. 
Notes: You have to identify causes (reasons), effects
(consequences) and solutions (measures).






INTRODUCTION
… have/has faced with a wide range of problems and one of the most concerning is… [Cause+ Solution] The following essay will attempt to present the reasons and then offer some potential ways to address them.
  … have/has faced with a wide range of problems and one of the most concerning is… [Effect+ Solution] After elaborating on the consequences of this important issue, we suggest some measures to tackle them.








BODY
  One rationale that can be given to explain this is … Further more …

One vital consequence of this is …

There are several concrete steps we can take to solve this. …
CONCLUSION
Considering all the causes and effects put forward, we have arrived at the conclusion that …


CAUSE - SOLUTION
… have/has faced with a wide range of problems and one of the most concerning is… [Cause+ Solution] The following essay will attempt to present the reasons and then offer some potential ways to address them.
  One rationale that can be given to explain this is … Further more …
One vital consequence of this is …
There are several concrete steps we can take to solve this. …
Considering all the causes and effects put forward, we have arrived at the conclusion that …


Sample questions
In some countries, it can be very difficult for people over the age of 50 to get good jobs, despite their experience.
What do you think are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?
Cheating in school exams has been a serious concern since time immemorial.
Why do you think children cheat in exams? What are the long-term effects if this ubiquitous practice is tolerated?









Topic 1: One problem faced by almost every large city is traffic congestion. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?
 








Today transportation has faced with a wide range of problems and one of the most concerning is traffic congestion happens in almost every large city. The following essay will attempt to present the reasons and then offer some potential ways to address them.
  One rationale that can be given to explain this problem is there are few public means of transport such as bus, metro, tram, etc. and there are a lot of individual means of transport such as bikes, motorbikes, cars, trucks, etc.
Further more the roads and streets are so small












and in bad condition. Besides, there are high tides twice every month and the streets are flooded when it rains. In addition people attending transport have very poor awareness.
There are several concrete steps we can take to solve this. First, governments should reduce individual means of transport and encourage people to use public means of transport. Second, they should build modern and large streets as well as upgrade them. Finally, there should be a good system of drainage and people attending transport should be well-educated.
 








Considering all the causes and effects put forward, we have arrived at the conclusion that traffic congestion in almost every large city can be solved if governments pay more attention to transport via conducting the above solutions.
 








Topic 2: Every year millions of people around the world suffer from poor health as a result of air pollution. What do you think are the causes of this?
 








Today people’s health has faced with a wide range of problems and one of the most concerning is yearly millions of people in the world suffer from poor health because of air pollution. The following essay will attempt to present the reasons and then offer some potential ways to address them.
 








One rationale that can be given to explain this problem is there are so many factories which release a lot of smoke especially in industrial parks. More and more factories are built every year.
Further more vehicles such as motorbikes, cars, buses, trucks, etc. also produce a lot of smoke. When the atmosphere around the earth is damaged, the light from the sun goes directly to the globe and makes it warmer.
 








There are several concrete steps we can take to solve this. First, there should be a good system to tackle the smoke from the factories. Second, governments should reduce individual means of transport and encourage people to use public means of transport. Finally, we should grow green trees in and around the cities and we should protect and plant more forests.
  Considering all the causes and effects put forward, we have arrived at the conclusion that millions of people’s health around the world is affected by air pollution. We should conduct the above solutions so that everyone can live better.













Good luck!