Warm up
Talking about the city you would like to live in the future.
Unit 9: Cities of the future
Language
I.Vocabulary
1.Activity 1: Write the words or phrases given in the box next to their meanings


�inhabitant
infrastructure
renewable�
urban
liveable
sustainable
overcrowded
quality of life
2.Activity 2: Complete the sentences with the right form of the words or phrases in 1.


1. The main goal of_____________________ planning is providing a healthier environment for people living in the city.
2. The government needs to solve the pollution problems to make the city ____________________.
3. The country’s __________ is the poor condition and needs to be upgraded.
4. Pollution and heavy traffic are common problems in ___________ cities.
5. The original___________________ of this island lived a very simple life.
6. The most common ___________ sources of energy are the wind and sun.
7. Many researchers claim that yoga practice and physical activities can improve people’s________________________.
8. Famers should use ______________ methods to produce clean and healthy food.
urban
liveable
infrastructure
overcrowded
inhabitants
renewabe
quality of life
sustainable
II.Pronuncation
1. A: What a boring lecture!
B: Yes. It was dull, wasn’t it?
2. A: Please turn down the volume. It’s too loud.
B: You don’t like rock music, do you?
3. A: I don’t have any plans for tonight.
B: Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
4. A: I believe people will have a better life in the future.
B: Yes, I agree. Life will be more enjoyable than
it is today, won’t it?
5. A: Where can I put these flowers?
B: Put them near the window, will you?

1.Act.1. Listen and decide whether the question tags in B’s responses have a rising or falling intonation. Mark ↗ (rising intonation) or ↘ (falling intonation) after the question tags.

1. A: What a boring lecture!
B: Yes. It was dull, wasn’t it?
2. A: Please turn down the volume. It’s too loud.
B: You don’t like rock music, do you?
3. A: I don’t have any plans for tonight.
B: Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
4. A: I believe people will have a better life in the future.
B: Yes, I agree. Life will be more enjoyable than
it is today, won’t it?
5. A: Where can I put these flowers?
B: Put them near the window, will you?

2.Act.2. Listen and decide whether the question tags in B’s responses have a rising or falling intonation. Mark ↗ (rising intonation) or ↘ (falling intonation) after the question tags.

III.Grammar
1. Question tags:
Use: Question tags are short addition to statements. They are used to ask for agreement or to check whether something is true.
Form: Clause, + auxiliary verb + S(n)?
Example: It is a group presentation, isn’t it?
Rules: Positive statements + negative tags
Negative statements + positive tags
SPECIAL CASES OF QUESTION TAGS
1. Trong mệnh đề trước dấu phẩy có các từ phủ định: seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely, never, no, none, neither, thì câu hỏi đuôi với ở dạng KHẲNG ĐỊNH.
Tom seldom goes to church, does he?
No salt is allowed, is it?
Lan and Nam have hardly seen each other, have they?
2. Chủ ngữ là các đại từ anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, none of, neither of, thì câu hỏi đuôi phải có THEY.
Neither of them complained, did they?
Someone tasted my coffee, didn’t they?
3. Chủ ngữ là nothing, anything, something, everything, that, this, thì câu hỏi đuôi phải có IT
Nothing is impossible, is it?
Everything will be all right, won’t it?
That was a difficult question, wasn’t it?
4. Mệnh đề trước dấu phẩu có cấu trúc: used to V, thì câu hỏi đuôi là: DIDN’T + S
They used to travel so much, didn’t they?
5. Mệnh đề trước dấu phẩy có cấu trúc: had better + V, thì câu hỏi đuôi là: HADN’T + S
I had better tell him the truth, hadn’t I?
6. Mệnh đề trước dấu phẩy có cấu trúc: would rather + V, thì câu hỏi đuôi là: WOULDN’T + S
She would rather go now, wouldn’t she?
7. Mệnh đề trước dấu phẩy có dạng I am, thì câu hỏi đuôi là AREN’T I
Eg. I am one of your true friends, aren’t I?
8. Mệnh đề trước dấu phẩy là I WISH, thì câu hỏi đuôi là MAY I
Eg. I wish to study English, may I ?
9. Chủ từ là ONE, thì dùng you hoặc one
Eg. One can be one’s master, can’t you/one?
10. Mệnh đề trước dấu phẩy có MUST, thì:
* Nếu must chỉ sự cần thiết: => dùng needn’t
Eg. They must study hard, needn’t they?
* Nếu must chỉ sự cấm đoán: => dùng must
Eg. You mustn’t come late, must you ?
11. Let đầu câu:
Let đầu câu có nhiều dạng cần phân biệt:
* Let trong câu rủ (let’s ): dùng shall we ?
Let’s go out, shall we?
* Let trong câu xin phép (let us /let me ): dùng will you ?
Eg.Let us use the telephone, will you?
Eg.Let me have some drink, will you?
* Let trong câu đề nghị giúp người khác (let me): dùng may I ?
Eg.Let me help you do it, may I ?
12. Câu cảm thán:
Lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ, câu hỏi đuôi dùng is, am, are
Eg. What a beautiful dress, isn’t it?
Eg. What a stupid boy, isn’t he?
Eg. How intelligent you are, aren’t you?
13. Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel that + mệnh đề phụ:
Lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Eg. I think he will come here, won’t he?
Eg. I don’t believe Mary can do it, can she?
( lưu ý MĐ chính có not thì vẫn tính như ở MĐ phụ)
14. Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là I thì lại dùng mệnh đề chính đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi.
She thinks he will come, doesn’t she?
15. Câu đầu có It seems that + mệnh đề phụ, thì lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Eg. It seems that you are right, aren’t you?
16. Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ, thì dùng IT ở câu hỏi đuôi
Eg. What you have said is wrong, isn’t it?
Eg. Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn’t it?
17. Câu đề nghị thì câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là WILL YOU hoặc WON’T YOU
Eg. Open the door, won’t you?
Eg. Don’t sit too near the screen, will you?
18. Câu mời dùng WON’T YOU
Eg. Have a cup of tea with me, won’t you?
19. Câu có cấu trúc neither…nor thì câu hỏi đuôi là sẽ chia ở số nhiều
Eg. Neither you nor I are children, are we?
2.Conditional sentences : type 0
Use: to talk about a scientific fact or something that is generally true. They often express habitual or automatic result.
Form:
Example: If you mix blue and yellow, you get green.
Ex 1. Match the question tags with the statements to make complete sentences.�


a. aren`t they?
8. There`ll be no private transport in the future, ____
7. Don`t stay up late at night ,_____
6. I think everyone`s going to be there, ______
5. The package has already arrived, _____
4. You have never been to Europe, __
3. People will travel in solar-powered cars in the future, _______
2. I`m not disturbing you,_
1. You`ve seen that film, ______
b. will you?
c. haven`t you?
d. have you?
e. will there?
f. won`t they?
g. hasn`t it?
h. am I?

Ex 2. Complete the sentences with the correct question tags.


There`s no milk in the fridge, ___________?
2. You can drive a car, __________________?
3. I believe nothing serious has happened, ____________?
4. Please give me a hand, __________________________?
5. Let`s review the lesson together, __________________?
6. I think these are your papers, ___________________?
7. Somebody`s just called my name, __________________?
8. Jane has got no problems at work,_________________?
is there
can`t you
has it
will/would/ could/ won`t you
shall we
aren`t they
haven`t they
has she
Ex 3.Match the if - clauses with the result clauses

Ex 4. Combine the sentences or rewrite them to make conditional sentences. Decide whether to use type 0 or 1
1.The baby is crying .He may be hungry
2. You travel on a budget flight,so you have to pay for your drinks and food
3. Whenever the weather is fine, I walk to work instead of driving
4. People using more solar energy. There will be less pollution.
5. They usually play soccer when they have no homework.
6. You travel by train. It takes five hours to get to Nha Trang
7. The government plans to reduce the use of fossil fuels. Our city will become a more liveable
If the baby is crying, he may be hungry.
If you travel on a budget flight, you have to pay for your drink and food.
If the weather is fine, I walk to work instead of driving. / I walk ... if the weather is fine.
If people start using more solar energy, there will be less pollution
If they have no homework, they usually play soccer.
If you travel by train, it takes five hours to get to Nha Trang.
If the government reduces / plans to reduce the use of fossil fuels, our city will become a more liveable place.
(Type 1)
(Type 1)
(Type 1)
(Type 0)
(Type 0)
(Type 0)
(Type 0)
4. Combine the sentences or rewrite them to make conditional sentences. Decide whether to use type 0 or 1.
1. If the baby is crying, he may be hungry. (Type 1)
2. If you travel on a budget flight, you have to pay for your drink and food. (type 0)
3. If the weather is fine, I walk to work instead of driving. / I walk ... if the weather is fine. (Type 0)
4. If people start using more solar energy, there will be less pollution.(Type 1)
5. If they have no homework, they usually play soccer. (Type 0)
6. If you travel by train, it takes five hours to get to Nha Trang.(Type 0)
7. If the government reduces / manages to reduce the use of fossil fuels, our city will become a more liveable place. (Type 1)



Homework
Redo the exercises
Learn vocabulary and grammar.
Prepare Unit 9: Reading