REVIEW 4 _ SKILLS
Reading
1. Read the text about eco-city planning.
Building eco cities
I first became familiar with the idea of an eco-city when I read the book Ecocity Berkeley: Building Cities for a Healthy Future by Richard Register. The author created the word ‘eco-city’ in 1987 when the book was published.
The inhabitants of this city carefully consider possible environmental impacts and take good care of the environment. There is no pollution as all the vehicles run on local renewable energy. CO2 emissions are controlled and kept in accordance with strict environmental and air-quality regulations.
In addition, the inhabitants co-exist with nature by dividing the city into two circles or rings. The first ring is the city centre containing the residential areas. The second ring includes vast park space and lots of greenery. The green space filters and refreshes the air people breathe.
Ecocity Berkeley is a very inspirational book, which can offerurban planners creative ideas and solutions to environmental problems that can be applied to any city.
2. Read the text again and answer the questions.
1. When was the word eco-city created?
=> It was created in 1987 (when the book Ecocity Berkeley: Building Cities for a Healthy Future by Richard Register was published).
2. Why is there no pollution in Eco Berkeley?
=> There is no pollution as all the vehicles run on local renewable energy.
3. How do the inhabitants co-exist  with nature?
=> They co-exist with nature by dividing the city into two cicles or rings.
4. What are the two rings for?
The first ring is the city centre containing the residential areas. The second ring includes vast park space and lots of scenery, which filters and refreshes the air people breathe.
5. Who needs to read Register’s book and why?
=> Urban planners need to read the book because it can offer them creative ideas and solutions to environmental problems that can be applied to any city.
3. Work with a partner. Choose two ideas (or use your own ideas) and make a conversation about sustainable living.
Sustainable living
• sort rubbish for recycling, use waste to generate electricity, heat, etc. to meet daily needs
• design walkable streets: walk first, then cycle, then use public transport
• protect natural habitat, support local agriculture
• promote simple lifestyle, cook with locally grown, organic ingredients
Example:
Student A: How can we live more sustainable lifestyles? What do you think our urban planners should do?
Student B: I think they should redesign abandoned areas and convert them into rich, diverse ecosystems.
Student A: Sounds great. There should also be gardens in all residential areas.
Listening
Too much exercise 
4. Listen to the recording about negative effects of over-exercising. Decide whether the following statements are true (T), or false (F) according to the speaker. 
1.F The more exercise you do, the healthier you become.
2.T Doing extensive workouts is too much of a good thing.
3.T People may become addicted to high-intensity physical activity.
4.T Over-exercising can be harmful to the body’s muscles, joints and heart.
5.F You should consult with an instructor before starting a new exercise programme.
F
T
T
T
F
Nobody can deny the benifits of exercise to human health. But too much exercise can do you more harm than good. Many people believe that more exercise bringgs more benefits, and they try to have too much of a good thing. This leads to extreme workouts in the gym, and long hours of outdoor fitness walking or cycling. However, high intensity may cause addiction to and overdose in exercise.
Over-exercising mav damage the body`s muscles and joints, increase the risk of heart disease or stroke, and even cause death. The same degree of exercise miuht be moderate to 30-year-olds and intense to 60-year-olds. Always, consult with a doctor before starting a new exercise programme to make sure you exercise safely and effectively. 
Writing
5. Think of an advice you can give to over-exercises. Write a short text about the reasons for over-exercising. Use the suggestions in the box or your own information and ideas.
Reasons
- worrying too much about physical appearance
- building the perfect body: weight loss; lean, toned legs
- pressure to look fit, muscular and toned; arm or leg muscles too small (boys)
- self-dissatisfaction, fear of being overweight, perfect as models, thin waistlines, flat bellies (girls)
Example:
Some people over-exercise for a number of reasons. Teenagers may worry too much about their physical appearance and want to build...
…..the perfect body. Some of them may feel peer pressure to lose weight or get lean, toned legs. Male teenagers may experience pressure to look fit. muscular and toned like celebrities in films, magazine ads or sports. Many boys teen that their arm or leg muscles are too small and try to work out several times a week to increase muscle mass.
Girls` over-exercising can result from self-dissatisfaction and fear of being overweight. They may compare themselves with fashion models considered to be physically perfect. They may worry about their waistlines not being thin enough or their bellies being too fat.
If you think our friend is over-exercising. try to talk to them, and explain that their bodies need to rest as well. Ask them to focus on other aspects of life such as study and hobbies.