Cấu trúc gốc: S+ has/have + not + past participle (V3-ed) + O + for + khoảng
thời gian.

Cấu trúc câu viết lại: It + is/has been + khoảng thời gian + since + S + last +
V2-ed+ O
Ví dụ
Câu gốc: She hasn't gone to this restaurant for about 6 months. (Cô ấy đã không đến nhà
hàng này khoảng 6 tháng rồi.)
Câu viết lại: It is/has been 6 months since she last went to this restaurant. (Đã 6 tháng rồi kể
từ lần vừa rồi cô ấy đến nhà hàng này.)

Ví dụ
Câu gốc: Due to the pandemic, Peter's parents haven't seen him for about a year. (Vì dịch bệnh,
cha mẹ của Peter đã không gặp anh ấy khoảng 1 năm nay rồi.)
Câu viết lại: Due to the pandemic, it is/has been about 1 year since Peter's parents last saw him.
(Vì dịch bệnh mà đã khoảng 1 năm kể từ lần cuối bố mẹ của Peter gặp anh ấy.)

CẤU TRÚC GỐC:

S+ has/have + not + past
participle (V3-ed) + O +
for/since + thời gian
CẤU TRÚC CÂU VIẾT LẠI:

Ví dụ 1
Câu gốc: We have not seen each other for 5 years. (Chúng tôi đã
không gặp nhau khoảng 5 năm)
Câu viết lại:
The last time we saw each other was 5 years ago. (Lần cuối chúng
tôi gặp nhau là cách đây 5 năm.)
We last saw each other 5 years ago. (Chúng tôi gặp nhau lần cuối
cách đây 5 năm)

• The last time + S + V2-ed +
was + thời gian + ago/ mệnh
đề quá khứ đơn
• S + last + V2/ed + O + thời
gian + ago/ mệnh đề quá
khứ đơn

Cấu trúc gốc: S+ has/have + not + past participle (V3ed) + O + for/since + thời gian
Cấu trúc câu viết lại:
The last time + S + V2-ed + was + thời gian + ago/
mệnh đề quá khứ đơn
S + last + V2/ed + O + thời gian + ago/ mệnh đề quá
khứ đơn
Ví dụ 1
Câu gốc: She has never seen the Eiffel Tower
before. (Cô ấy chưa bao giờ thấy tháp Eiffel trước
đó.)
Câu viết lại: This is the first time she has seen the
Eiffel Tower. (Đây là lần đầu tiên cô ấy thấy tháp
Eiffel.)

Cấu trúc gốc: S + has/have + not + past participle (V3-ed)
+ before
Câu trúc câu viết lại: It/This is the first time + S +
has/have + past participle (V3-ed)

Ví dụ 2
Câu gốc: These poor children have not traveled abroad before. (Những đứa trẻ nghèo này chưa được đi du lịch
nước ngoài trước đó.)
Câu viết lại: This is the first time these poor children have traveled abroad. (Đây là lần đầu tiên những đứa trẻ
nghèo này được đi du lịch nước ngoài.)

Cấu trúc gốc: S + has/have + past participle (V3-ed) + for + khoảng thời gian
Câu trúc câu viết lại: S + started/began+ V-ing + khoảng thời gian + ago/ when +
clause

Ví dụ 1
Câu gốc: My father has worked at this company for about 10 years. (Cha tôi đã làm việc ở công ty này khoảng 10 năm.)
Câu viết lại: My father started working at this company about 10 years ago. (Cha tôi đã bắt đầu làm việc ở công ty này cách
đây khoảng 10 năm.)

Ví dụ 2
Câu gốc: We have lived in this city for about 20 years. (Chúng tôi đã sống trong thành phố này khoảng 20 năm.)
Câu viết lại: We began living in this city about 20 years ago. (Chúng tôi bắt đầu sống trong thành phố này cách đây
khoảng 20 năm.)

Cấu trúc gốc: When did + S + V0 + …?
Câu trúc câu viết lại: How long + have/has + S + past participle (V3-ed) + …?
Lưu ý: động từ chính trong câu gốc khi viết lại câu có thể phải thay đổi để phù hợp với ngữ
cảnh.
Ví dụ 1
Câu gốc: When did Lily buy this computer? (Lily đã mua chiếc máy tính này khi nào vậy?)
Câu viết lại: How long has Lily had this computer? (Lily đã có chiếc máy tính này được bao lâu rồi?)
Ví dụ 2
Câu gốc: When did you start learning English? (Bạn đã bắt đầu học tiếng Anh khi nào?)
Câu viết lại: How long have you learnt English? (Bạn đã học tiếng Anh được bao lâu rồi?)

1. The bill isn't right. They (make)………….. a mistake.
1. have made
2. Don't you want to see this programme? It ………….(start).
3. I (turn)……….. the heating on. It'll soon get warm in here.
2. has started
4. ……..they (pay)…….. money for your mother yet?
5. Someone (take)………………. my bicycle.
3. have turned
6. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……………. my dinner.
7. ………you ever (eat)………….. Sushi?
4. Have...paid
8. She (not/come)…………… here for a long time.
9. I (work)………….. here for three years.
5. has taken
10. ………… you ever …………..(be) in New York?
11. You (not/ do) ………….yor project yet, I suppose.
12. I (just/ see)………. Andrew and he says he ……..already (do)………. about half of the plan. 6. have finished
13. I ………..just (decide)……… to start working next week.
14. He (be)…………. at his computer for seven hours.
7. Have...eaten
15. She (not/ have) ……………any fun a long time.
1
8. hasn't come
6. My father (not/ play)……….. any sport since last year.
17. I'd better have a shower. I (not/have)………. one since Thursday.
9. have worked
18. I don't live with my family now and we (not/see)…………. each other for five years.
19. I…… just (realize)…………... that there are only four weeks to the end of term.
10. Have...been
20. The train drivers (go)……… on strike and they stopped working at twelve o'clock.
21. How long…….. (you/know)………. each other?
11. haven't done
22. ……….(You/ take)………… many photographs?
23. (She/ eat)………………. at the Royal Hotel yet?
12. have just
24. He (live) ………….here all his life..
seen
25. Is this the second time he (lose)……………. his job?
26. How many bottles………… the milkman (leave) ………….? He (leave) ……….. six.
27. I (buy)…………. a new carpet. Come and look at it.
13.
28. She (write)………….. three poems about her fatherland.
have...decided
29. We (finish) ……………………three English courses.
30. School (not, start)……………..yet.
14. has been

16. hasn't played
17. haven't had
18. haven't seen
19. have...relized
20. have gone
21. have...known
22. Have...taken
23. Has...eaten
24. has lived
25. has lost
26. has...left - has left
27. have bought
28. has writen
29. have finished
30. hasn't started

1) We (study)...............a very hard lesson the day before yesterday.

1. studied
2. have studied
2) We (study)................................................almost every lesson in this
3. have never watched
book so far.
4. watched
3) We (watch)..........................that television program.
5. travelled
4) We (watch).....................an interesting program on television last night. 6. travelled
5) My wife and I........................................(travel) by air many times in the 7. have read
8. read
past
9. had
6) My wife and I (travel).................................. to Mexico by air last
10. have had
summer
7) I (read)..................that novel by Hemingway sevaral times before.
8) I (read).........................that novel again during my last vacation.
9) I (have).........................a little trouble with my car last week.
10) However, I (have)......................... no trouble with my car since then.

1. She started to live in Hanoi 2 years ago. (for)
she has lived in Hanoi for 2 years
2. He began to studyEnglish when he was young.
(since)
he has studied English since he was young
3. I have never eaten this kind of food before. (This
is)
this is the first time i have eaten this kind of food
4. I have never seen such a beautiful girl before.
(She is)

...
1. I traveled to Paris last year.
I haven't been to Paris since last year.
2. She visited her grandparents two years ago.
She hasn't visited her grandparents for two
years.
3. We started this project last month.
We have started this project for a month.
4. He finished reading the book two days ago.
He has finished reading the book for two days.
5. They sold a new car a week ago.
They haven't sold a new car for a week.

6. We went on a road trip two months ago.
We haven't gone on a road trip for two months.
7. He received the award last week.
He has received the award for a week.
8. The last time they played soccer was in
April.
They haven't played soccer since April.
9. I saw her at the party two days ago.
I haven't seen her for two days.
10. They bought a new book last month.
They haven't bought a new book since last
month.