Unit 12 CAREER CHOICES
LESSON 3: A CLOSER LOOK 2

OPTION 1

WARM-UP

Although the sun was shining,
_________
it was very cold.
Although

THINK!

Because

So

WARM-UP

OPTION 2

Conjunction Catch

WARM-UP

OPTION 2
- There are slips of paper with individual
conjunctions for each adverbial clause type.
(although, so, because)

HOW TO PLAY

- Teacher throws the slips of paper around
the class, students stand and move around.
- When you catch a slip, you must
immediately shout out a sentence that
uses the conjunction correctly as part of
an adverbial clause.

WARM-UP

OPTION 2

LET'S PLAY!

PRESENTATION
An adverbial clause of concession expresses contrast. It is
introduced with a subordinate conjunction. The most common
conjunctions are though and although. Though and although
can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the
sentence.

Examples:
- Although many of us were not present, the meeting was conducted
as scheduled.
- The room is nice, though small.

PRESENTATION

1 Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
1. Although / But footballers are well-paid, they have short
careers.
2. She still applied for the job so / though she had almost no
chance to get it.
3. Although / However she went to the cinema early, she
couldn't buy the ticket.
4. She has to do repetitive tasks in her job, although / but
she still likes it.
5. Though / But Mike felt tired, he managed to finish his
homework.

PRESENTATION

An adverbial clause of result shows the result of an action
or event. It is often introduced with so / such … that … We
use so + adj + that and such (+ a / an) + adj + noun + that.
Example:
The box was so heavy that the worker couldn't lift it up.
She is such a skilful tailor that all the ladies in the
neighbourhood like the clothes she makes.

PRESENTATION

– An adverbial clause of reason explains the reason why an action is
done or an event happens. It is often introduced with because and
since. Since is often placed at the beginning of a sentence. Because
can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
Example:
James wants to become a tour guide because he loves travelling. /
Because he loves travelling, James wants to become a tour guide.
Since she was late, she couldn't join the career orientation session.

PRESENTATION

2 Complete the sentences with so or such.
so far from his home that he couldn't go
1. The factory was ___

there to work.
such a lazy worker that no manager wanted to
2. Katie was _____
hire her.
3. They are _____
such creative designers that everyone admires
them.
4. Can you speak louder? Your voice isso
__ soft that I can't hear
you.
5. He is _____
such a handsome man that many people think he
could be an actor.

PRACTICE

3 Join the sentences, using the given words in brackets.
1. Jenny didn't attend the job fair. She was ill. (because)
Jenny didn't attend the job fair because she was ill. /
_____________________________________________________
Because she was ill, Jenny didn't attend the job fair.
_____________________________________________________
2. Henry is excellent at maths. Everyone thinks he will become
a mathematician. (since)
_____________________________________________________
Since Henry is excellent in maths, everyone thinks he
_____________________________________________________
will become a mathematician. /
Everyone thinks Henry will beccome a mathematician
_____________________________________________________
since he is excellent in maths.
_____________________________________________________

PRACTICE

3. Mai practised speaking English a lot. She wanted to get a
high score on the speaking test. (because)
Mai practised speaking English a lot because she wanted to
_____________________________________________________
get a high score on the speaking test. / Because she wanted
_____________________________________________________
to get a high score on the speaking test, Mai practised
_____________________________________________________
speaking English a lot.
_____________________________________________________
4. Ms Nga is away this week. We'll put off the next class
meeting. (since)
Since Ms Nga is away this week, we'll put off the next
_____________________________________________________
class meeting.
_____________________________________________________

PRACTICE

3 Join the sentences, using the given words in brackets.
5. I couldn't go to the office on time. There was a traffic jam.
(because)
I_____________________________________________________
couldn't go to the office on time because there was a traffic
_____________________________________________________
jam.
/ Because there was a traffic jam, I couldn't go to the
_____________________________________________________
office
on time.

PRACTICE

4 Rewrite each sentence. Use the given word in brackets.
1. I forgot to bring money, so I couldn't buy the career
guidebook. (because)
buy the career guidebook because I forgot to
I couldn't __________________________________________
bring money. / Because I forgot to bring money, I couldn't
__________________________________________________
buy the career guidebook.
__________________________________________________
_
2. My navigation skill is very bad. I could never work as a taxi
driver. (so)
so bad at navigation that I could never work as a taxi
I'm __________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
driver.

PRACTICE

4 Rewrite each sentence. Use the given word in brackets.
3. Sally couldn't use the computer. There was a power cut.
(since)
was a power cut, Sally couldn't use the computer.
Since there
______________________________________________
4. She had a university degree, but she couldn't find a good
job. (although)
Although____________________________________________
she had a university degree, she couldn't find a
___________________________________________________
good job. / She couldn't find a good job although she had a
___________________________________________________
university degree.

PRACTICE

4 Rewrite each sentence. Use the given word in brackets.
5. The florist was very skilful. Her flower shop attracted many
customers. (such)
such a skilful florist that her flower shop attracted
She was ___________________________________________
many customers.
__________________________________________________

PRODUCTION

Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Then
5
exchange them with a partner.
1. Although my sister is a fashion designer, _________________.
2. I want to become a pilot because _______________________.
3. My father has such a hard job that ______________________.
4. Since most vocational courses take a short time to finish, ____.
5. The garment worker felt so bored that ___________________.

PRODUCTION
Suggested answers:

1. Although my sister is a fashion designer, she often wears very
simple clothes.
2. I want to become a pilot because I like travelling in the sky.
3. My father has such a hard job that he always feels exhausted
when coming home.
4. Since most vocational courses take a short time to finish,
students can start working soon.
5. The garment worker felt so bored that she started to find
another job.

EXTRA ACTIVITY

- Work in groups A and B.
- Each person in Group A writes an adverbial clause (e.g.
Although she wants to become a doctor,).
- Each person in Group B writes a clause (e.g. I like
travelling.) on their own piece of paper.
- Then, take out a paper from box A and a paper from
box B, and read aloud the sentence made from the two
clauses.

CONSOLIDATION

1 Wrap-up
What have we learnt in this lesson?
 Use adverbial clauses of result, reasons, and
concession.

CONSOLIDATION

2 Homework
- Do exercises in the workbook.

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