Chuyên đề so sánh
Comparison
Adjective / adverb
1. Adjective
S+ be/ feel/become + adjective
Eg: she is very clever
2. adverb
S + V adv
She sings beautifully
Adv= adj+ ly
Note: some adverbs have the same form as adjectives
Late, hard, fast, long, far, high
short adjective/ adverb= 1 syllable
Long adjective/ adverb >= 2 syllables
I.Equal comparison (So sánh bằng)
S+be/ V + AS + adjective / adverb + AS
not AS / SO + adjective / adverb + AS
         eg :I am as tall as my brother. 
He cannot run so / as fast as his friends. 
As much / many (+noun) as được dùng để nói về số lượng.
         S + v As much / many (+noun) as O
  eg: I have not read as many books as my teacher advises me.
                  
                    John does not earn as much money as his wife does.
                 
Cấu trúc the same (+noun) as cũng có thể được dùng.
S V the same (+noun) as O / S be the same (+noun) as O
         eg: Laura’s salary is the same as mine. or Laura gets the same salary as me.
                   
 
II. Comparative (So sánh hơn)
Short adjectives/ adverbs
S +be/ V adj/adv +er than O
Thêm -er vào sau tính từ / trạng từ có một âm tiết (short adjective / adverb) và tính từ có hai âm tiết tận cùng bằng y, et, le, er, ow.

Tall  taller
Short shorter
Long longer
Fat fatter
Gentle  gentler
Chú ý quy tắc nhân đôi phụ ân cuối
Thinner, bigger,
2. long adjectives/ adverbs

S +be/ V more /less + adj/adv + than O
III. Superlative (So sánh nhất)
Short adjectives/ adverbs
S+be/ V + the adjective / adverb + “ est” + in /of


Thêm -est vào sau tính từ / trạng từ ngắn (short adjective / adverb) và tính từ có hai âm tiết tận cùng bằng y, et, le, er, ow.


2. Short adjectives/ adverbs
S+be/ V + the most/least adjective / adverb + + in /of


Thêm most vào trước tính từ / trạng từ dài (long adjective / adverb).
       eg.Tom is the tallest in our class. (Tom là người cao nhất lớp tôi.)
                    Which watch is the most expensive in your shop?        
So sánh nhất được dùng khi so sánh từ ba đối tượng trở lên. Khi trong nhóm chỉ có hai đối tượng, ta thường dùng so sánh hơn.
       eg: I like Betty and Maud, but I think Maud is the nicer of the two.
       This hotel is the least comfortable of the three.     
* Lưu ý:
Much, far, a lot được dùng để nhấn mạnh so sánh hơn.
          Ví dụ: She is much / far / a lot more intelligent than I think.
                   (Cô ấy thông minh hơn tôi nghĩ nhiều.)
Trong hình thức so sánh, tính từ ngắn đứng trước tính từ dài.
Ví dụ: My car is faster and more comfortable than hers.
          (Xe hơi của tôi nhanh hơn và tiện nghi hơn xe của cô ấy.)
• Hình thức so sánh bất quy tắc:
Adj/ adv comparison superlative
good / well            ⇾       better                    ⇾       the best
bad / badly           ⇾       worse                     ⇾       the worst
many / much        ⇾       more                     ⇾       the most
little                      ⇾       less                       ⇾       the least
far                        ⇾       farther /     ⇾       the farthest /
 further ( information)  the furthest
Old  older/  oldest/ eldest
 elder(brother/ sister)
IV. Double comparative (so sánh kép)
So sánh lũy tiến (càng ngày càng)/ 1/ Loại 1 mệnh đề :
S+ V + short adj / adv + ER + and + short adj / adv + ER
S + V + MORE / LESS and MORE / LESS + long adj / adv
        The summer is coming. It gets hotter and hotter.
            He is shooting more and more accurately.
           The environment is less and less pure.
   2.So sánh đồng tiến (càng … càng)/Loại 2 mệnh đề :
the + comparative adj / adv + the comparative adj / adv
          eg: The shorter the line (is), the faster the service (is).
          The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.
              More, less có thể được dùng với danh từ trong cấu trúc này.
     eg:: The more trees we cut, the more floods we suffer.
              The less you work, the less money you earn.
                   
Những tính từ sau đây thường không có dạng so sánh. Những tính từ hoặc phó từ mang tính tuyệt đối này không được dùng so sánh bậc nhất, hạn chế dùng so sánh hơn kém, nếu buộc phải dùng thì bỏ more, như một số từ sau:
        + perfect - hoàn hảo
        + unique - duy nhất
        + extreme - cực kỳ
        + supreme - tối cao
        + top - cao nhất
        + absolute - tuyệt đối
        + prime - căn bản
        + primary - chính
        + matchless - không có đối thủ
        + full - đầy, no
        + empty - trống rỗng
        + square - vuông
        + round - tròn
        + circular - tròn, vòng quanh
        + trianglular - có ba cạnh
        + wooden - bằng gỗ
        + yearly - hằng năm
        + daily - hằng ngày
       
 
V. So sánh số lần- số lượng:
1/ So sánh số lần:
Dùng so sánh bằng và số lần để trước so sánh.
S + v twice as adj/ adv as o
Eg: I am twice as heavy as you. (Tôi nặng gấp 2 lần bạn)
 
2/ So sánh số lượng:
Dùng so sánh HƠN và số lượng để trước so sánh
Eg: I am 2kg heavier than you. (Tôi nặng hơn bạn 2kg)
Có thể dùng danh từ thay cho số lượng.
I am ahead taller than you. (Tôi cao hơn bạn 1 cái đầu)
: I am ahead taller than you
 
Note: of the two + the comparative

Choose the right forms in these sentences. In some cases both forms are right
1. Is your house much further/ farther?
2. Who is the oldest/ eldest in this class?
3. Your driving is worse/ worst than mine.
4. Have you heard the last/ latest news?
5. We have no further/ farther information.
6. His last/ latest words were: `The end`.
7. Trevor spends less/ lesser on clothes than Laura does.
8. His English is gooder/ better than mine.
9. . It`s the better/ best in the shop.
10. Jane is older/ elder than I am.
11. My elder/ older sister got married last year.
12. Emma made the least/ less mistake!
13. The Hotel Bristol has the more/ most rooms.
14. I haven`t got many books. You`ve got more many/ more than I have.
15. Even if the worse/ worst happens, you shouldn`t give up hope.
II. Choose the best answer:
1. Sarah is ____ at chemistry than Susan. A. good B. well C. better D. best
2. I don’t work so hard ____ my father. A. so B. as C. than D. more
3. Sam is the ____ student in my class. A. tall B. most tall C. taller D. tallest
4. No one in my class is ____ beautiful ____ her.
A. as/as B. more/as C. as/than D. the/more
5. Going by train isn’t ____ convenient as going by car.
A. so B. as C. more D. A & B are correct.
6. The test is not ____ difficult ____ it was last month.
A. as / as B. so / as C. more / as D. A & B are correct.
7. Peter usually drives __ Mary A. more fast B. fast than C. faster than D. B & C are correct.
8. She cooked ____ than you. A. well B. more good C. better D. more well
9. This film is ____ interesting than that film. A. most B. less C. as D. so
10. My salary is __ his salary. A. high B. more high C. higher than D. more higher than
11. He works ____ we do. A. harder B. as hard as C. harder D. so hard as
12. No one in this class is ____ Jimmy. A. so tall as B. tall than C. the tallest D. more tall than
13. Apples are usually ____ oranges. A. cheap than B. more cheap C. the cheapest D. cheaper than
14. I know him ____ than you do. A. better B. more well C. good D. the best
15. Marie is not ____ intelligent ____ her sister. A. more/as B. so/so C. so/as D. the/of
16. Janet is ____ tennis player in the club. A. good B. best C. well D. the best
17. I ran ____ than Tom. A. more fast B. faster C. fast D. the fastest
18. She can speak English ____ I can. A. more well B. best than C. better than D. better
Ann is 18 years old. Sue is 20 years old. Ann is _ Sue.
A. older than B. younger than C. older D. younger
20. Nobody can cook as ____ as my mother. A. well B. best C. good D. better
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentences which is closest in meaning to the given one.
1. No one in the team can play better than John.
A. John plays well but the others play better. B. John as well as other players of the team plays very well.
C. Everyone in the team, but John, plays well. D. John is the best player of the team.
2. He only feels happy whenever he does not have much work to do.
A. The more he works, the happier he feels. B. The less he works, the happier he feels.
C. His work makes him feel happy. D. He feels happier and happier with his work.
3.I have never met anyone who is more intelligent than Mr Ba.
A. Mr Ba is the most intelligent man I have ever met. B. The more I meet Mr Ba, the more intelligent he seems to be.
C. Mr Ba is the most intelligent man in the world. D. Nobody in the world is as intelligent as Mr Ba.
4.. If you practise harder you will have better result.
The harder you practise, the better results you will have.
B. The more hardly you practise, the better results you will have.
C. The hardest you practise, the most results you will have.
D. The harder you practise, the best results you will have.
5. He tries to practise English every day so he can speak English more fluently now.
A. The more he practises English, the more he can speak English.
B. The more he practises English, the more fluently he can speak it.
C. The more he tries to practise English, the most fluently he can speak it.
D. He tries to practise English every day, but he finds it difficult to speak English
GIVE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE WORDS IN BRACKETS
I will give you the (big) steak; I am not very hungry.
The more I study, the (little) I learn
I speak English (fluent) now than last year.
She greeted me (polite) of all.
My jeans are (expensive) than yours.
The police found the car (far) away than they expected.
She is (pretty) girl in my class.
This is (cheap) book in the shop.
Climbing is (dangerous) than swimming.
It was (bad) day of my life.
She isn’t (rich) woman in the world.
It’s (dark) now than three hours ago.
I feel (happy) today than yesterday.
She smiled (happy) than before.
biggest
less
More fluently
More expensive
farther
The prettiest
The cheapest
More dangerous
The worst
The richest
darker
happier
More happily