Unit 16
Historical places
Monday, April 1st 2013
D. Writing
Types of charts
pie chart
line chart
bar chart
99,700
84,085
96,624
(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)
230,470
259,967
111,546
VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM
(From the USA, France and Australia)
99,700
84,085
96,624
(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)
230,470
259,967
111,546
VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM
(From the USA, France and Australia)
1. According to the chart, the USA had the biggest number of visitors to Vietnam in 2001.
99,700
84,085
96,624
(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)
230,470
259,967
111,546
VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM
(From the USA, France and Australia)
2. 99,700 French visitors arrived in Vietnam in 2001.
99,700
84,085
96,624
(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)
230,470
259,967
111,546
VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM
(From the USA, France and Australia)
3. Australia had the smallest number of visitors to Vietnam in 2002.
99,700
84,085
96,624
(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)
230,470
259,967
111,546
VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM
(From the USA, France and Australia)
4. No, it isn’t.
99,700
84,085
96,624
(Source: Vietnam National Administration, 2002)
230,470
259,967
111,546
VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM
(From the USA, France and Australia)
5. France had more visitors to Vietnam in 2002.
The description of a chart consists of:
Opening
2. Body
3. Conclusion
1. Opening
1.1 What does the chart describe?
The chart shows/presents/
displays/describes…
The chart is about…
The chart deals with…
Eg: The chart presents the population of Vietnam from 2007 to 2012.
1. Opening
1.2 Where is the source of the chart from?
The source of the chart is from/provided by…
Eg: The source of the chart is from Vietnam National Administration of Tourism.
(Source: Vietnam National Administration of Tourism)
1. Opening
1.3 What is the main change showed the chart?
In general,/Generally,/Overall,…
It can be seen from the chart that…
It is clear from the chart that…
Eg: In general, the population of Vietnam increased steadily from 2007 to 2012.
1. Opening – adverbs to describe the speed of change
rapidly/quickly/swiftly (nhanh chóng)
suddenly (đột ngột)

Eg: The pollution rate increased rapidly from 2009 to 2012.
1. Opening – adverbs to describe the speed of change
steadily/gradually (từ từ, ổn định)
slowly (chậm)
Eg: The unemployment rate decreased gradually from 2009 to 2012.
2. Body – structures to describe the increase
S + increase/rise/go up/climb/inflate by|to + number/percent
Eg: The population of Vietnam rose to 2% in 2012.
S + increase/rise/go up/climb/inflate from + number/percent + to + number/percent
Eg: The number of endangered species inflated from 1900 to 2100.



2. Body – structures to describe the decrease
S + decrease/fall/drop/reduce/decline by|to + number/percent
Eg: The unemployment rate fell by 5% in 2010. 
S + decrease/fall/drop/reduce/decline from + number/percent + to + number/percent
Eg: The price of gold dropped from five million dongs to four million dongs.
2. Body – adverbs to describe the amount of increase or decrease
dramatically/sharply/hugely/
enormously/steeply/markedly/
substantially/considerably/
significantly (nhiều, đáng kể)
Eg: The number of students increased substantially from 300 in 2001 to 3900 in 2003.
Or In 2003, the number of students rose hugely by 3000 in comparison with that in 2002.
2. Body – adverbs to describe the amount of increase or decrease

moderately/slightly/minimally (nhẹ, vừa phải)
Eg: The number of teachers fell slightly from 1015 in 2002 to 1013 in 2003.
Or In 2003, the number of teachers declined moderately by 2 in comparison with that in 2002.
2. Body – comparative structure (cấu trúc so sánh)
A + be + (number/percent) + higher/lower than that of B
Eg: The population of Hanoi is (3.000.000) higher than that of Haiphong.
Or The population of Haiphong is (3.000.000) lower than that of Hanoi.
3. Conclusion
What can be concluded from the chart?
In conclusion,…
In summary,…
To sum up,…
Eg: In conclusion, the population of Vietnam rose gradually from 2007 to 2012.
4. Transition words (một số từ chuyển tiếp):
- According to the chart (theo như biểu đồ)…
- In contrast (ngược lại)/ However (tuy nhiên)/ On the other hand (mặt khác)…
- Like (giống như)/ Unlike (không như)…
- Although (mặc dù)
- Besides (bên cạnh đó) / Moreover (Hơn nữa)/ Furthermore (thêm vào đó)…
- Likewise (tương tự như vậy)
99,700
84,085
96,624
(Source: Vietnam National Administration , 2002)
230,470
259,967
111,546
VISITOR ARRIVALS IN VIETNAM
(From the USA, France and Australia)
1. What does the chart describe?
2. Where is the source of the chart from?
3. What is the main change showed in the chart?
4. Which countries had the biggest and smallest number of visitors to Vietnam in 2001 and 2002?
5. What is the difference between the country which had the biggest number of visitors and the country which had the smallest one?
6. How did the number of American/French/Australian visitors to Vietnam in 2002 increase in comparison with that in 2001?
7. What can be concluded from the chart?
Thank you very much!