Unit 9: The post office
Lesson 5: Language Focus 01
/sp/ - /st/ - /sk/
spaceship
spider man
stamps
sky
disk
Listen and repeat
Practice reading aloud the dialogue
The words that containing the clusters:
/sp/ : speak, speech,
/st/ : Stanley, stand, stop
/sk/ : school
Defining – Non-defining relative clauses
Grammar
1.Defining clauses (mệnh đề xác định)
Đây là loại mệnh đề mà chủ ngữ chưa được xác định rõ ,nên phải cần có mệnh đề này làm rõ chủ ngữ hơn.
Ex1: The man who is my brother stands over there.
Ex2: That is the book that I like best.
Ex3: The book which you lent me
is very interesting
2.Non-defining clauses(mệnh đề không xác định)
Đây là loại mệnh đề mà chủ ngữ đã được xác định rõ ,nên không cần phải có mđ này làm rõ chủ ngữ nửa, mà mệnh đề này chỉ để bổ sung thông tin cho chủ ngữ.
Ex1: Mr John, who is a world population expert,is teaching at this school.
Ex2:Her son, who gave you my address, is my uncle.
Ex3: Harry Porter, which is the best seller
,is very interesting
3.Notes about non-defining relative clause
The pronouns that can be used in non-defining relative clauses are: Who for a person, Which for a thing and Whose to show belonging
You cannot use “that” instead of who, whom or which.
Ex: Harry Porter, that is the best seller is very interesting
You cannot leave out the relative pronoun
Ex: Rosy, teaching me English is quite short.
Wrong
Wrong
Grammar
The defining and non-defining relative clauses
Examples:
Hanoi, which is the capital city of Vietnam, lies on

Vietnam is the country which hosted APEC 2006.

Lang Son, which I love so much, is my hometown.

The girl whom you met yesterday is my sister.
__________________________________________
_______________________________
___________________________
_____________________________
_______
the Red river.
_______
_______
_________
_______
__________
_______
__________
Examples
A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital.
The girl who was injured in the accident is now in the hospital.
 the defining relative clause
I met Jane’s father. He works at the university.
 I met Jane’s father, who works at the university.
 the non-defining relative clause
A man answered the phone. He told me you were away.

2. Peter is studying French and German. He has never been abroad.

3. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.

4. You’ve all met Michael Wood. He is visiting us for a couple of days.

A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.

The man who answered the phone told me you were away
Peter, who is studying French an German, has never been
abroad
The waitress who was very impolite an impatient served us
You’ve all met Michel Wood, who is visiting us for a couple
of days
The building which was destroy in the fire has now been
rebuilt
6. We are moving to Manchester. Manchester is in the north-west.

7. Some people were arrested. They have now been released.

8. I ‘ll be staying with Adrian. His brother is one of my closest friends
.
9. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.

10. John Bridge is one of my oldest friends. He has just gone to live in Canada.

We are moving to Manchester, which is in the north-west
The people who were arrested have now been released
I’ll be staying with Adrian, whose brother is one of my
closet friends
The bus which goes to the airport runs every half an hour
John Bridge, who is on of my oldest friends, has just gone
to live in Canada
Exercise 3 + 4: Using who, that, which and whose to join the sentences.
Who is used for man.

Which is used for thing.

That is used for both man and thing.

Whose is to express possessive.
Exercise 2 complete each sentence using
who, whom or whose
We use: + whom (s+ v)
when the noun to be modified is the object of the main verb is the relative clause.
+ who + v
when the noun to be modified is the subject of the relative clause.
+ whose +N : to express possessive
Example: What’s the name of the man whose
car you borrowed?
A pacifist is a person…………..believes that all wars are wrong.
An orphan is a child…………..parents are dead.
I don’t know the name of the woman………. I met yesterday.
This school is only for children………….first language is not English.
The woman…………..I wanted to see was away on holiday.
Who
Whose
Whom
Whose
Whom
Home work
Study defining and non-defining relative clauses again.
Do the exercises about them
Prepare for next lesson
I. Pronunciation
Read the story below pay attention to the underlined words
Stanley is a hard-working student. At school, he can not stop asking about the lesson. At home, he spends most time listening to the disks, reading texts, giving speeches…He studies from morning to dusk to get the best skills.

/sp/ - /st/ - /sk/
They are clusters beginning with /s/
Thank you for listening
Good bye and see you soon!
Usage
We use defining relative clauses to give essential information to define or identify the thing we are talking about.
We use non-defining relative clauses not to define or identify things but to add more information to the things we are talking about