Digging Gold
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Unit 8:
OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES
Lesson 2: Language
GRAMMAR
Các phương pháp lược bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ
EX1: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle
MĐQH (Xác định)
Dạng chủ động
=> The man sitting next to you is my uncle

Who is sitting
=
sitting
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng Ving thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm đuôi -ING)
ĐTQH + V thì =Ving

LT
1:Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng present participle phrase ( V-ing)
Ex2: Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?

CHỦ ĐỘNG (QKĐ)
= V-ing = breaking
=> Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?

Ex 3: The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
CHỦ ĐỘNG (HTĐ)
= V-ing = surrounding
=> The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.

Ex 4: Do you know the woman who was coming towards us at 10 a.m yesterday?

Chủ động (QKTD)
= V-ing = coming
=> Do you know the woman coming towards us at 10….?
MĐQH(Xác định)
Dạng bị động
Which were written
= written
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive), ta dùng past participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về dạng V-ed hoặc cột 3) : ĐTQH + be + Vp2=Vp2
LT
2:Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng past participle phrase ( V-ed / Cột 3)
EX1: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
=> The books written by To Hoai are interesting.

EX2: The students who were punished by teacher are lazy.

Bị động (QKĐ)
= V-ed/ Cột 3 = punished
=> The students punished by teacher are lazy

EX3: The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Brown

Bị động (HTTD)
= V-ed / Cột 3= built
=> The house built now belongs to Mr. Brown

Ex4: I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
Bị động ( HTĐ)
= V-ed / Cột 3 = located
=> I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.
MĐQH
Số thứ tự
Who enters
= to enter
LT
EX1: Tom is the last person who enters the room.
=> Tom is the last person to enter the room

3/ Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng to-infinitive hoặc infinitive phrase (có dạng for +O+ to-inf):

Trong trường hợp đúng trước MĐQH có các từ the first , the second, the last,the only….. so sánh nhất (superlative), mục đích (purpose)……… ta có thể rút gọn MĐQH bằng TO + V
EX2: John is the youngest person who takes part in the race.


EX3: English is an important language which we have to master


EX4: Here is the form that you must fill in


=> Here is the form for you to fill in

SS hơn nhất
To take
2 chủ ngữ khác nhau = for sb + to V
Có Here đầu câu thay bằng CT:For sb + to V
For you to fill
For us to master
English is an important language for us to master
* Lưu ý: Trong phần to_V này cần nhớ 2 điều sau:
a. Nếu chủ ngữ của hai mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to_V.
Ví dụ:
I have so many cards that Linda can take to send to her friends.
→ I have so many cards for Linda to take to send to her friends.
(Tôi có vài tấm thiệp cho Linda để cô ấy đem tặng bạn.)
b. Nếu chủ ngữ đó là đại từ bất định có nghĩa chung chung như: we, you, everyone.... thì có thể lược bỏ.
Ví dụ:I come up with some ideas that we can discuss.
→ I come up with some ideas to discuss. (Tôi nảy ra vài ý tưởng để thảo luận.)

c. Nếu trước đại từ quan hệ có giới từ thì phải để giới từ cuối câu.
Ví dụ:
I had a garden that he could play in.
→ I had a garden for him to play in.
(Tôi có một khu vườn để anh ta có thể chơi trong đó.)
Exercise 1: Underline the correct word or phrases
1.Have you visited the pagodas (to lie / lying / lain) on Tran Phu Street in Hoi An?
2.Irresponsible tourists damaged the archaeological site and some of the relics (to date / dating / to be dated) back to the last ruling dynasty.
3.The ancient houses (to destroy / destroying / destroyed) by the fire are now under reconstruction.
4.Most tourists like buying clothes, lanterns, and other handicrafts (to make / making / made) by local craftsmen in Hoi An.
5.The only thing (to see / seeing / sees) at the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is the stone walls.
6.The Complex of Hue Monuments was the first site in Viet Nam (to be recognised / be recognising / recognises) as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Ex2/Looking back/Grammar/40
Combine 2 sentences using Ving or Vp2
1. A taxi was taking us to Hoi An Ancient Town. It broke down.
⇒ The taxi ………………….. broke down.
2.There’s a path at the end of this street. The path leads to the Perfume River.
⇒ At the end of the street there’s a …………………………..
3.The Citadel gate was damaged in the storm. It has now been repaired.
⇒ The Citadel gate………………………….  has now been repaired.
taking us to Hoi An Ancient Town
Park leading to the perfume river
damaged in the storm
4.Some excavation relics were stolen from the museum. They haven’t been found yet.
⇒ The………………………….. ………… ……haven’t been found yet.
5.Some foreign guests were invited to the opening of the heritage museum. Many of them were not able to come.
⇒ Many of the foreign guests…………………….  were not able to come.
Excavation relics stolen from the museum
invited to the opening of the heritage museum
15 minute test