1
* WARM UP: BRAINSTORMING
POLLUTION
Air pollution
Light
pollution
Soil pollution
Water pollution
Noise
pollution
visual
pollution
Thermal
pollution
radioactive pollution
GRAMMAR
4
Phrases of cause and effect
I.CAUSE ( NGUYÊN NHÂN)
5
1. Since / because (VÌ) + S + V
- Since the water is polluted, the fish are dead.
- Because the water is polluted, the fish are dead.
2. due to / because of + Nphrase
- The fish are dead because of the polluted water .
- The fish are dead due to the polluted water .
II. EFFECT ( HẬU QUẢ)
6
1. so + S + V
- The water is polluted, so the fish are dead.
2. to cause sth / to lead to sth / to result in sth
- The polluted water causes/ results in the death of the fish.
- The polluted water makes the fish die .
3. to make sb / sth do sth
b. Combine the sentences in each pair into a new sentence that shows a cause/ effect relationship. Use the cause or effect signal word or phrase given in brackets. You will have to add, delete, or change words in most sentences.
EXAMPLE:
1. Because people throw litter on the ground, many animals eat it and become sick
 Oil spills from ships in oceans and rivers lead to
the death of many aquatic animals and plants.
2. Ships spills oil in oceans and rivers . Many aquatic animals
and plants die. (lead to)
 Households dump waste into the river so it is polluted.
3. Households dump waste into the river. it is polluted. (so)
 Since the parents were exposed to radiation, their children have birth defects.
 We can’t see the stars at night due to the light pollution.
4. Their children have birth defects. the parents were exposed to radiation. (since)
5. We can’t see the stars at night . There is too much light pollution.(due to)
Is the weather beautiful or bad?
It’s beautiful
Where do they go ?
They go on a picnic
The weather is beautiful. They go on a picnic
If the weather is beautiful, they will go on a picnic.

* Conditional sentences type 1: review
If + S + V-s/-es (am/is/are)
(don’t/doesn’t + V),

Main clause
If-clause
II. Conditional sentence type 1
1. Form:
2. Using:
If the weather is beautiful, they will go on a picnic
S + will/won’t + V…
Câu điều kiện loại 1 dùng để chỉ hành động hay sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
EX : If it rains, I will stay at home
I will stay at home if it rains.
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1. If we (recycle)…………………….. more, we (help) …………………….. the Earth.
2. Factories (not dump) …………………….. waste into rivers if the government (fine)……………... ..them heavily.
3. If people (travel) ………………….. to work by bus, there (be) ……………………. fewer car fumes.
recycle
will help
will not/won’t dump
fines
travel
will be
If she were a bird, she would fly in the sky.
III. Conditional sentence type 2
If she were a bird, she would be a dove.
If clause
Main clause
* Form:
If + S + V2/V-ed/Was/Were…,
S + would/should/ could/ might + V…
* Using:
- Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để chỉ hành động hay sự việc không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
- Có thể dùng để chỉ lời khuyên
Ex: If I were you, I would see the doctor immediately.
I would see the doctor immediately If I were you
* Note: I/He/She/It + Was/were
8
2. If I were you,
2
3. If she has time ,
4
The world would
be happier
3
4. If we feel hungry
after that,
9
She will help you
5
I would learn
very hard
1
1. If there were
fewer people ill,
6
He would come
to see you
7
We will eat some
hamburgers
GAME: PELMANISM