Soil pollution

I/ Define
Soil pollution is considered all phenomena that contaminate soil environment by pollutants.
Caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment.
It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste.
II/POLLUTING ACTVITIES
Oil and fuel disposed
II/POLLUTING ACTVITIES
Use pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
II/POLLUTING ACTVITIES
Acid Rain
II/POLLUTING ACTVITIES
Deforestation
II/POLLUTING ACTVITIES
Illegal landfill and garbage disposal
II/POLLUTING ACTVITIES
Contaminated saline water penetrates into the soil
III/ CHEMICALS CONTAMINATIES
Petroleum hydrocarbons
III/ CHEMICALS CONTAMINATIES
Heavy metals
III/ CHEMICALS CONTAMINATIES
Pesticides
III/ CHEMICALS CONTAMINATIES
Others
IV/Negative influence
1) Agricultural
Reduced soil fertility
Reduced nitrogen fixation
Increased erodibility
Larger loss of soil and nutrients
Deposition of silt in tanks and reservoirs
Reduced crop yield
Imbalance in soil fauna and flora
IV/Negative influence
2) Industrial
Dangerous chemicals entering underground water
Ecological imbalance
Release of pollutant gases
Release of radioactive rays causing health problems
Increased salinity
Reduced vegetation
IV/Negative influence
3) Urban
Clogging of drains
Inundation of areas
Public health problems
Pollution of drinking water sources
Foul smell and release of gases
Waste management problems
IV/Negative influence
4) Environmental
Soil becomes unavailable to grow food
If contaminated soil is used to grow food, the land will usually produce lower yields
Can cause even more harm because a lack of plants on the soil will cause more erosion
The pollutants will change the makeup of the soil and the types of microorganisms that will live in it.
Thus it`s possible for soil pollution to change whole ecosystems
V/Control of soil pollution
Reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide use
Reusing of materials
Recycling and recovery of materials
Reforesting
Solid waste treatment