RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE
I. Relative clauses replaced by participles (present and past participles)
Present participles (Hiện tại phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng chủ động.
EXAMPLE:
1. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben. ( The boy playing the piano is Ben)
2. We have a house which overlooks the park ( We have a house overlooking the park)
3. The man who spoke to John is my brother ( The man speaking to John is my brother)

RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE
- Past participles (Quá khứ phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.
EXAMPLE:
1. They live in a house that was built in 1890 ( They live in a house built in 1890)
2. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting. (The ideas presented in that book are interesting.)



RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE
Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive phrases

- To-infinitive được sử dụng sau: the first, the second,…. the last, the only và sau hình thức so sánh nhất

EXAMPLE:
a. Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space. ( Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.)
b. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.( The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.)



RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE

Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive phrases

Khi 2 mệnh đề có cùng chủ ngữ thì mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn với To- V

EXAMPLE:
1. He has some homework that he must do.
(He has some homework to do.)
2. They need a large yard in which they can dry rice.
(They need a large yard to dry rice in.)





RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO-INFINITIVE

Relative clauses replaced by to-infinitive phrases

Khi 2 mệnh đề khác chủ ngữ thì mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn với For Someone + To-V
EXAMPLE:
1. He finds a house with a yard which his children can play in.
(He finds a house with a yard for his children to play in.)
2. Here are some accounts that you must check.
(Here are some accounts for you to check.)




NOTES

CASE 1: Nếu sau khi rút gọn xong mà động từ trở thành being thì chúng ta có thể lược bỏ being luôn.

EXAMPLE:
1. The man who was in charge of this department has just resigned
-> The man being in charge of this department has just resigned
-> The man in charge of this department has just resigned
2. Her husband, who is a famous Canadian actor, used to be a teacher
-> Her husband, being a famous Canadian actor, used to be a teacher
->Her husband, a famous Canadian actor, used to be a teacher


NOTES

CASE 2: Nếu sau khi rút gọn xong mà động từ trở thành having thì chúng ta đổi thành WITH, nếu NOT HAVING thì chúng ta đổi thành WITHOUT
EXAMPLE:
The man who have a Toeic certificate will be given a raise
-> The man having a Toeic certificate will be given a raise
-> The man with a Toeic certificate will be given a raise
2. People who don’t have their ID cards cannot get in the club
-> People who not having their ID cards cannot get in the club
->People who not having their ID cards cannot get in the club


1. Goet were the only company which replied my letter.
2. Do you the man who is talking to my father ?
3. Applications which were sent after 23rd will not be considered.
4. We have a lot of exercises which we have to do tonight.
5. Studies of her son are the most important thing that she cares about.
6. The equipment which belongs to the club is insured.
7. George is the first person that we will interview.
8. Meetings which are held every month are called monthly meetings.
9. The most excellent students who were rewarded the scholarship would have a two-week holiday in Vung Tau.
10.The trees which were planted last week are growing well.

11. The man who is talking to John is from Korea.
12. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
13. Ann is the woman who is responsible for preparing the budget.
14. English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
15. The books that are on that shelf is mine.
16. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
17. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.
18. The sunlight which comes through the window wakes me up early every morning.
19. John Quincy Adams, who was born on July 11th 1767, was the sixth president of the United States.
20. These are the ancient houses which were built a long time ago.