Class 11a2
shrimps
split
Spring
Unit 11:

SOURCES OF ENERGY
E.LANGUAGE FOCUS
I : Pronunciation
/ ∫r/- / spl /- /spr/
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Listen and repeat
Practice reading aloud these sentences.
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1. They were all shrieking with laughter.
2. He shrugged (his shoulders), saying he didn’t know and didn’t care.
3. My dad hates shrimp paste.
4. What a splendid spring day!
5. The stream splits into three smaller streams at this point.
6. The house has a narrow front, but it splays out at the back.
1. They were all shrieking with laughter.
2. He shrugged (his shoulders), saying he didn’t know and didn’t care.
3. My dad hates shrimp paste.
4. What a splendid spring day!
5. The stream splits into three smaller streams at this point.
6. The house has a narrow front, but it splays out at the back.
II. Grammar
Relative pronouns replaced by participles and To-infinitives
REDUCING RELATIVE CLAUSE
How many kinds of relative clause have you learn? What are they?

 there are two kinds of relative clause. These are defining and non – defining.
Examples
1.The girl who talked with me yesterday is Lan
=>the girl talking with me yesterday is Lan
2.The book which was published last week is written for children
=>The book published last week is written for children
3.This was the last person who left the classroom
=>This was the last person to leave the classroom.
1. Formula 1
( relative clause replaced by present participles)
Noun (N) + Relative pronouns + V
Noun
V
+
-ing
Example : The man who spoke to Nam is my brother
=> The man speaking to Nam is my brother
2. Formula 2
Relative clauses replaced by past participles)
Noun (N) + Relative pronouns + Be + V1(PII)
Noun
V1
?
+
(PII)
Ex: The ideas which are presented in that book are good.
 The ideas presented in that book are good.
3. Formula 3
Relative clauses replaced by to infinitives
The first + Noun (N) + Relative pronouns + V1
second
last
The first + Noun
second
last
V1
?
+
(inf)
to-
Notes
The first + N + Relative pronouns + be + V1(PII)
second
last
The first + N
second
last
V1
?
+
(PII)
to be +
Examples
Ex1: Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
 Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.
Ex2: This is the last book that was written by J. London.
 This is the last book to be written by J. London.
III. Practice
1. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.
? The boy playing the piano is Ben.
2. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
Do you know the woman coming towards us?
3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet
4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress
EXERCISE 1: N + RP + V . ? N + V-ing .
5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
? The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
? We have an apartment overlooking the park.
1. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
? The ideas presented in that book are interesting.
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
? I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.
3. They live in a house that was built in 1980.
They live in a house built in 1980.
4. The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary
The photographs published in the newspaper were extraordinary
EXERCISE 2: N + RP + be + V(PII)…  N + V(PII)…
5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful
The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was successful

6. They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government
=> They work in a hospital sponsored by the government
EXERCISE 3: The first/second/…+ N + to V/ to be + V(PII)…
John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain.
? John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain.
2. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.
The first person (for us) to see is Mr. Smith.
3.The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light
=>The last person to leave the room must turn off the light
4. This is the second person who was killed in that way.
This is the second person to be killed in that way.
5. The first person who catches the ball will be the winner
=> The first person to catches the ball will be the winner


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Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1. He is the only student __________ the Maths problems yesterday.
A. to solve B. who solve
C. whom solved D. solved
2. I’m reading a book _________ by Jack London.
A. was written B. that wrote
C. written D. which written
3. The boy ________ next to me in the evening class is very clear.
A. sitting B. to sit
C. who sit D. whom sits
4. We’re living in a house __________ by green trees.
A. is surrounded B. that surrounded
C. to be surrounded D. surrounded
5. The book ___________ the classroom last Monday might know the reason.
A. entered B. to enter
C. who enters D. whom entered
6. Do you know the woman __________ to the headmaster?
A. is talking B. she is talking
C. talking D. whom is talking
v
4
3
1
2
LUCKY NUMBER
Game:
5
6
This is the first novel to be written by Jack.
1. This is the first novel that is written by Jack.
6
7
8
9
5
4
3
2
0
1
10
Time is over
Congratulation!
lucky number
The house built in 1999 is very old
2. The house which was built in 1999 is very old.
6
7
8
9
5
4
3
2
0
1
10
Time is over
The man phoning you last night was my brother.
3. The man who phoned you last night was my brother.
6
7
8
9
5
4
3
2
0
1
10
Time is over
Congratulation!
lucky number
Mary is the last person to come to the party
4. Mary is the last person who came to the party.
6
7
8
9
5
4
3
2
0
1
10
Time is over
Homework
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