WELCOME TO OUR CLASS
GRAMMAR
A. RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES
1. Examples:
a. Students who arrive late will not be

permitted to enter the classroom.
 Students arriving late will not be permitted to

enter the classroom.
b. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given

at the top of the page.
 Be sure to follow the instructions given at the top of the page.
Relative Clause( active)
Present participle
Relative Clause( passive)
Past participle
2. Notes

Relative clauses (active meaning)  Present participles
(V-ing)
b. Relative clauses (passive meaning)  Past participles
(V3/ V-ed)
3. Exercise 1+2/ pages 131, 132:
Multiple choice
1. The boy ……..the piano is Ben.
a. playing b. played c. who playing d. is playing
2. The ideas ………………. in that book are interesting.
presented b. presenting
c. which presented d. are presented
3. Do you know the woman ……… toward us?
a. comes b. who come c. coming d. who coming
4. The people ………for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
a. waited b. waiting c. who waiting d. are waiting
5. I come from a city …….. in the southern part of the country.
a. located b. locating c. locates d. which located
6. The scientists………the causes of cancer are making progress.
a. who researches b. research c. researching d. researched
a
a
c
b
c
a
7. They work in a hospital …… by the government.
sponsored b. was sponsored
c. sponsoring d. which sponsored
8. They live in a house ……….. in 1890.
a. was built b. that built c. build d. built
9. The fence ………our house is made of wood.
a. surrounds b. surrounding c. which surround d. surrounded
10. We have an apartment ……… the park.
which overlook b. overlook
c. overlooking d. overlooked
11. The photographs ……… in the newspaper were extraordinary.
a. published b. which published c. publish d. publishing
12. The experiment ……… at the University of Chicago was successful.
was conducted b. conducted
c. which conducted d. conduct
d
b
c
a
b
a
B. RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY TO INFINITIVES
1. Examples:
a. Tom is the last person who enters the room.

 Tom is the last person to enter the room.
To - infinitive
b. You are the first person who is invited to the

party.
 You are the first person to be invited to
To- infinitive
the party.

2. Notes
We can replace Relative clauses by to infinitives after the first, the second, the third, the next, the last, the only and adjectives in superlatives.
Exercise 3:page 132
Rewrite the sentences, using an infinitive phrase
1. John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain.
2. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
3. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.
4. This is the second person who was killed in that way.
5. The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.
1. John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain.
 John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain.
2. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
 The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.
3. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.
 The first person for us to see is Mr. Smith.
4. This is the second person who was killed in that way.
This is the second person to be killed in that way.
5. The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.
The first person to catch the ball will be the winner.
GAME:
LUCKY NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
A
B

Our solar system is in a galaxy which is called the Milky Way.
 Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
1



We are using books which were printed last year.
We are using books printed last year.
2
You have chosen a lucky number



The man who spoke to me was very helpful.
The man speaking to me was very helpful.
4
Hoa was the second student who won the first prize in the English speaking contest.
Hoa was the second student to win the first prize in the English speaking contest.
5


This is the third person who is offered the job.
 This is the third person to be offered the job.
6
Homework
Rewrite the following sentences using Relative clauses.
1. The first man to set foot on the Moon was Neil Armstrong.
2. The fifth man to be interviewed was completely unsuitable.
3. I like the present given by Peter.
4. The children to attend that school receive a good education.
5. Sunlight coming through the window wakes me up early in the morning.

Thanks for your
attention
CONGRATULATION !
Team B is the winner
CONGRATULATION !
Team A is the winner
CONGRATULATION !
Both of you are the winners