Giáo viên: Vũ Thanh Tùng
Unit 11: SOURCE OF ENERGY
Lesson 5: LANGUAGE  FOCUS
Pronunciation
[∫r] [spl] [spr]
shred splash spring
shrill split spray
shrimp spleen spread
shrine splutter sprightly
REDUCING RELATIVE CLAUSE
Ex: The man who is talking to John is my brother.
The man talking to John is my brother.
Ex: English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
 English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.
Ex: Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.
 Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.
 Neáu meänh ñeà quan heä ñöôïc chia ôû caùc thì tieáp dieãn thì ta löôïc boû ÑTQH vaø ñoäng töø tobe ñi. → Present Participle (Ving)
Neáu MÑQH ñöôïc chia ôû caùc thì khaùc, thì ta löôïc boû ñaïi töø quan heä tröôùc roài sau ñoù ñöa ñoäng töø chính veà daïng Ving → Present Participle (Ving)
Ex: The ideas which are presented in that book are good.
 The ideas presented in that book are good.
 Neáu meänh ñeà quan heä ñöôïc chia döôùi daïng bò ñoäng thì ta löôïc boû ÑTQH vaø ñoäng töø tobe ñi. → Past Participle (Ved)
Exercise 1
1.  The boy playing the piano is Ben.
5.  The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.
6.  We have an apartment overlooking the park.

Exercise 2
1.  The ideas presented in that book are interesting.
2.  I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.
3.  They live in a house built in 1890.
Ex: In 1986, Mexico became the first nation that hosted the World Cup twice.
 In 1986, Mexico became the first nation that to host the World Cup twice.
Ex: Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
 Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.
Ex This is the last book that was written by J. London.
 This is the last book to be written by J. London.
 Chuùng ta duøng to infinitive ñeå thay theá cho meänh ñeà quan heä. Vaø to infinitive ñoùng vai troø laø moät boå ngöõ. Chuùng ta chæ duøng to infinitive khi tröôùc tieàn ngöõ coù caùc tính töø sau: first, second, next, last, only . . . vaø sau tính töø so saùnh nhaát.
Exercise 3
1.  John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain.
3.  The first person to see is Mr. Smith.
4.  This is the second person to be killed in that way.
Choose the best option
1. A dam is a wall building across a river to stop the
a. b.
river’s flow and collect the water.
c. d.
2. I pulled off the sheets that covered the furniture.
a. to cover b. cover
c. covering d. covered
3. The nuclear power plant that was completed last year will come to operate tomorrow.
a. completing b. to complete
c. completed d. to be completed
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(built) which is built
4. The friend with . . . . . . . I was travelling spoke English.
a. who b. whose c. whom d. which
5. The woman . . . . . . . opened the door was wearing a yellow dress.
a. who b. which c. when d. whom
6. The man . . . . . . .phoned me didn’t say his name.
a. who b. which c. where d. whom
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