Unit 11. sources of energy
Grade 11
Unit 11. sources of energy
Part a. reading
energy (n) /\'enədʒi/ = power /\'pauə/ (n): năng lượng

+ energetic (adj) /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ mạnh mẽ, mãnh liệt

reserve /ri\'zə:v/ sự dự trữ

exhausted (adj) /ig\'zɔ:stid/ cạn kiệt

nuclear (adj) /\'nju:kliə/ thuộc về hạt nhân

release (v) /ri\'li:s/ thải ra, phóng ra

plentiful (adj) /\'plentifəl/ nhiều

infinite (adj) /\'infinət/ = unlimited (adj): vô tận

>< finite: có hạn = limited

potential (n / adj) /pə\'ten∫l/ tiềm năng, có tiềm năng

alternative (adj) /ɔ:l\'tə:nətiv/ thay thế

resource (n) /ri\'sɔ:s/ nguồn tài nguyên

replace (v) /rɪ\'pleɪs/ thay thế

renewable (a) /ri\'nju:əbl/ có thể tái tạo >< nonrenewable

fossil fuels /\'fɔsl] [fjuəl/ nhiên liệu hóa thạch

geothermal heat /,dʒi:ou\'θə:məl hi:t/ sưởi ấm địa nhiệt

available (adj) /əˈveɪləbl/ có sẵn

vocabulary
available (adj) /əˈveɪləbl/ có sẵn

reserve /ri'zə:v/ sự dự trữ

plentiful (adj) /'plentifəl/ nhiều

ecology (n) /ɪ'kɒlədʒi/ sinh thái học

+ ecologist (n) /i'kɔləʤist/ nhà sinh thái học

replace (v) /rɪ'pleɪs/ thay thế

to make use of: sử dụng

to make full use of: tận dụng

- To be out of energy: hết năng lượng, hết sức lực

What source of energy does each picture above refer to?
wind energy

solar energy

water power

nuclear power

windmill

solar panels

nuclear reactors

hydroelectric dam

_/,haidroui\'lektrik/_

1

2

3

4

What do we need energy for?

We need energy to cook, to light to heat or cool the house and to run machines..., to live better.
Match the words and phrases with their meanings
Words / phrases

Meanings
1. fossil fuel (n):

2. reserve (n):

3. to exhaust:

4. alternative (adj):

5. to release:

6. limited (adj)

7. infinite : (adj)

a. vô hạn

b. phóng thích, thải ra

c. nhiên liệu hóa thạch

d. đồ dự trữ để dùng khi cần

e. có giới hạn

f. thay thế

g. làm cạn kiệt
Key: 1-c 2-d 3-g 4-f 5-b 6-e 7-a
 TASK 1: Fill each blank with a suitable word.

1.Six hundred balloons were_______ at the ceremony.

2.They are looking for ___________methods of making it

3.People use __________to run machines, heat and cool their homes.

4. The food in the restaurant is cheap, but the choice is rather_______

5. Fuel supplies are nearly___________

released

alternative

energy

limited

exhausted
alternative

limited

energy

released

exhausted
At present, most of our energy comes from fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas). However, such reserves are limited. Because power demand is increasing very rapidly, fossil fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short time. Therefore, people must develop and use alternative sources of energy.

One alternative source is nuclear energy. Nuclear energy can provide enough electricity for the world's needs for hundreds of years, but it can be very dangerous. Another alternative source of energy is geothermal heat, which comes from deep inside the earth. Scientists use this heat to make energy. However, this energy is available only in a few places in the world.

The sun, water, and the wind are other alternative sources of energy. The wind turns windmills and moves sailboats. It is a clean source of energy, and there is lots of it. Unfortunately, if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy. When water moves from a high place to a lower place, it makes energy. This energy is used to create electricity. Water power gives energy without pollution. However, people have to build dams to use this energy. And as dams cost a lot of money, water energy is expensive.

The sun releases large amounts of energy every day. This energy can be changed into electricity. Many countries use solar energy for their daily life. Solar panels on the roofs of houses can create enough energy to heat or cool an entire house. Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe.

Although there are some disadvantages, the potential of alternative sources of energy is great. However, how to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for researchers all over the world.
While reading
Task 2/ page 126

Scan the passage and write down the advantage(s) and disadvantage(s) of each alternative source of energy.
_Unlimited_

Very dangerous.

Nuclear power
Plentiful , infinite, clean and safe.

Produced only in daytime

Solar energy
Clean and safe

Must build dams , so expensive

Water power
Clean and unlimited

_Not available when there is no wind_

Wind power
Clean and safe

Available only in a

few places.

Geothermal heat
TASK 2: Scan the passage and write down the advantage(s) and disadvantage(s) of each alternative source of energy.
Sources of energy

Advantage(s)

Disadvantage(s)
It's unlimited.

It's clean and unlimited.

It's clean and unlimited.

There's no wind energy

when there is no wind.

It's available.

It's available only in

a few places.

Nuclear power

Solar energy

Water power

Wind power

Geothermal heat

It can be very dangerous.

It's not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe.

It's only possible

during the day time.

It's expensive.
Task 3. Answer the questions.

1. What is our major source of energy ?

Our major source of energy comes from fossil fuels.

2. How many sources of energy are mentioned in the text, and which one do you think has the most potential?

Five sources of energy are mentioned in the text. They are nuclear power, solar energy, water power, wind power, geothermal heat. I think solar energy is the most potential.
Answer the following questions
At present, most of our energy comes from fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas). However, such reserves are limited . Because power demand is increasing very rapidly, fossil fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short time. Therefore, people must develop and use alternative sources of energy.

What is our major source of energy ?

Is our major source of energy limited ? Why / why not ?

How many sources of energy are mentioned in the text ?

What are they ?
Geothermal heat

Nuclear power

Water power

Wind power

Solar energy
POST READING
We need energy to live and work. Our major source of (1)_______ is oil. Oil is (2)_____ kind of fossil fuel. The amount of fossil (3)______ in the world is (4)_______ Therefore, we must save it, and at the same time, we must find new sources of energy. Geothermal heat and nuclear power are (5)_________sources of energy. They can give us electricity. Other alternative (6)________are the sun, waves and water. These sources are not only (7)____________and available but also clean and safe for the (8)____________ People should develop and use them more and more in the future.

_Complete the summary of the reading passage by filling each blank with a suitable word from the box._

one environment alternative limited

unlimited sources energy fuels

one

fuels

limited

alternative

sources

unlimited

environment

energy Unit 11. sources of energy
Part b. speaking
*Reactor (n) /riˈæktər/ Lò phản ứng *Radiation (n) /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/ Sự bức xạ

- Hydroelectricity (n) /ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ Thủy điện

- Enormous (adj) /ɪˈnɔːməs/ Khổng lồ

- Chart _(n)_ /tʃɑːrt/ biểu đồ

Bar chart _(n)_ /ˈbɑːr tʃɑːrt/ biểu đồ cột

- Consumption _(n)_ /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ mức tiêu dùng

- Total _(adj) _ /ˈtəʊtl/ tổng *Figure _(n) _/ˈfɪɡə(r)/ hình/con số *atmosphere /\'ætməsfiə/ (n): bầu khí quyển

- Make up : chiếm *Followed by: theo sau bởi

Unit 11. sources of energy
Part E. language focus
3 sounds

1. /∫r/

2. /spl/

3. /spr/

PRONUNCIATION

RELATIVE CLAUSES

REPLACED BY…

1. V-ing

2. V-PP

3. _To _V

GRAMMAR

UNIT 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY

E. LANGUAGE FOCUS
/ ∫r/

/ spl /

/spr/
shred

splash

spring
shrill

split

spray
shrimp

spleen

spread
shrine

splutter

sprightly
I. PRONUNCIATION:

_Listen and repeat_
*They were all shrieking with laughter. *He shrugged (his shoulders), saying he didn't know and didn't care. *My dad hates shrimp paste. *What a splendid spring day! *The stream splits into three smaller streams at this point. *The house has a narrow front, but it splays out at the back.
_Practice reading aloud these sentences_ 1. RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PRESENT PARTICIPLES (V-ing) Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bằng hiện tại phân từ
The man is my brother. He spoke to John.

The man who spoke to John is my brother.
The man speaking to John is my brother.

speaking

Relative clause in active voice

II. GRAMMAR

N + who + V (active)
N + who + V (active)
which
that
N + who + V-ing
which
that
Formula 1: We can replace a relative clause in active voice with a present participial (V-ing) phrase.

_E.g.1 Present continuous (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)_

_ _The man who is speaking to John is my brother.

The man speaking to John is my brother.

_E.g.2 _The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.

The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.

2. RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PAST PARTICIPLES (V-ed/ V3) Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bằng quá khứ phân từ
The Sport Games were the first Asian Games. They were held in India in 1951.

 The Sport Games which were held in India in 1951
were the first Asian Games.

The Sport Games held in India in 1951 were the first Asian Games.

Relative clause in passive voice

II. GRAMMAR

Formula 2: We can replace a relative clause in passive voice with a past participial
Formula 2: We can replace a relative clause in passive voice with a past participial
(V-ed/V 3) phrase.
N + who + V (passive)

which

that

N + who + V-ed/V 3

which

that

3. RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY TO INFINITIVES (to-inf) Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bằng động từ nguyên mẫu có "to"
E.g.1 Active voice (dạng chủ động)

Yuri Gagarin was _the first_ man who flew into space.

 Yuri Gagarin was _the first_ man to fly into space.
E.g.2 Passive voice (dạng bị động)

This is _the last_ cake that is sold today.
_first_

_last_

II. GRAMMAR

 This is _the last_ cake to be sold today.

to V

to be V-p2

Note 3: We can replace a relative clause following _the first, the second, the last, the only, superlatives (so sánh hơn nhất: biggest, tallest, happiest)_…… with an infinitive phrase (to-inf).
Note 3: We can replace a relative clause following _the first, the second, the last, the only, superlatives (so sánh hơn nhất: biggest, tallest, happiest)_…… with an infinitive phrase (to-inf).
The _first_ + (N) + who + V

_second_ which

_last _ that

_ superlatives_

__

The _first_ + (N) + who + to V

_ second _which

_ last _that

_ superlatives_

Active voice

Passive voice

Relative clause replaced by participles and to-infinitive (Mệnh đề quan hệ được thay thế bằng hình thức phân từ và động từ nguyên mẫu có "to")
1. Relative clause replaced by participles:
*Present participles (Hiện tại phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng chủ động.

N + Who/which/that + Verb (active) => N + V-ing

*Past participles (Quá khứ phân từ): được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.

N + Who/which/that + to be + V(ed/p2) (passive)=> N + V(p2)
2. Relative clause replaced by to infinitive phrase.
"to infinitive" được sử dụng ngay sau: _the first, the second,... the last, the only _và hình thức _so sánh nhất._
The first/second/.../ superlatives + N + WH + V/to be V(ed/p2)
=> The first/second/.../ superlatives +N + to V/ to be V(ed/p2)
__
Exercise 1. Rewrite the following sentences, using a present participial phrase.

*The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.

The boy playing the piano is Ben.

2. Do you know the man who is coming towards us?

Do you know the man coming towards us?

3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.

4. The scientists who researches the causes of cancer are making progress.

The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress.

5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.

The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.

6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.

We have an apartment overlooking the park.
Exercise 2. Rewrite the following; sentences, using a past participial phrase.

*The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.

The ideas presented in that book are interesting.

2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.

I come from a city located in the southern part of the country

3. They live in a house that was built in 1890.

They live in a house built in 1890.

4. The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary.

The photographs published in the newspaper were extraordinary.

5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.

The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.

6. They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government.

They work in a hospital sponsored by the government.
Exercise 3. Rewrite the following sentences, using an infinitive phrase.

*John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain.

John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain.

2. The last person who leaves the room must turn oil the light.

The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.

3. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.

The first person for us to see is Mr. Smith.

4. This is the second person who was killed in that way.

This is the second person to be killed in that way.

5. The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.

The first person to catch the ball will be the winner.
Lucky number game
Congratulation! You are lucky.
John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain.

*John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain. *John was the last man reaching the top of the mountain. *John was the last man reached the top of the mountain. *John was the last man to be reached the top of the mountain.
The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.

*The last person left the room must turn off the light. *The last person to leaving the room must turn off the light. *The last person to leave the room must turn off the light. *The last person leaving the room must turn off the light.
The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.

*The first person to be seen is Mr. Smith. *The first person to see is Mr. Smith. *The first person seeing is Mr. Smith. *The first person saw is Mr. Smith.
This is the second person who was killed in that way.

*This is the second person to kill in that way. *This is the second person killing in that way. *This is the second person to killing in that way. *That is the second person to be killed in that way.
The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.

*The first person catching the ball will be the winner. *The first person to catching the ball will be the winner. *The first person catched the ball will be the winner. *The first person to catch the ball will be the winner.
*learn the formulae by heart. *practise pronounciacing the sounds /∫r/; /spl/; /spr/. *prepare the next lesson.