Warmly welcome to our class
Thursday, Feb 24th, 2011
shrimp
spring
Unit 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY
E. LANGUAGE FOCUS
I. Pronunciation:
/ ʃr/ /spr/ /spl/
Shrimp spring split
Shred spray splash
Shrill spread spleen
Shrine sprightly splutter
 pronunciation 
1. They were all shrieking with laughter.
2. He shrugged (his shoulders), saying he didn’t know and didn’t care.
3. My dad hates shrimp paste.
4. What a splendid spring day!
5. The stream splits into three smaller streams at this point.
6. The house has a narrow front, but it splays out at the back.
PRACTICE READING THESE SENTENCES
II. GRAMMAR:

RELATIVE CLAUSES

REPLACED BY

PARTICIPLES OR
TO INFINITIVE
1. Examples:
A. Relative clause replaced by past participle(V3/V-ed):
Ex 1: The song which was written by him was very famous.
-> The song written by him was very famous.
Ex 2: The boy who was attacked by the snack still survived.
-> The boy attacked by the snack still survived.
Ex 3: The girl who was given the highest prize is one of my best students.
-> The girl given the highest prize is one of my best students.
=> Passive
1. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
 The ideas presented in that book are interesting.
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
 I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.
3. They live in a house that was built in 1980.
 They live in a house built in 1980.
4. The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary
 The photographs published in the newspaper were extraordinary.
5. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
 The experiment conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.
6. They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government.
 They work in a hospital sponsored by the government.
2.EXERCISE: Rewrite the sentences using V3/ Ved:
( N + WH + be + P.P…….  N + P.P…..)
1. Examples:
B. Relative clause replaced by present participle (V-ing):
Ex 1: The man who is driving his car is very generous.
-> The man driving his car is very generous.
Ex 2: The children who attended this class were homeless.
-> The children attending this class were homeless.
Ex 3: You’ve all met a famous man who runs very fast.
-> You’ve all met a famous man running very fast.
=> Active
1. The boy who is playing the piano is Ben.
 The boy playing the piano is Ben.
2. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
 Do you know the woman coming towards us?
3. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
 The people waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
 The scientists researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
5. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
 The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
 We have an apartment overlooking the park.
2.EXERCISE : Rewrite the sentences using V-ing
(N + WH + active V …  N + V-ing …)
C. Relative clause replaced by To Infinitive (To_V):
1. Examples:
a,The first, the second, …., the last, the only:
Ex 1: He was the last man that left the room.
->He was the last man to leave the room.
Ex 2: Ngoc is the only one who can solve this problem.
-> Ngoc is the only one to solve this problem.
b,Superlative:
the + adj + est ( the cheapest, the tallest, ect)
Ex 3: She is the tallest girl that can reach the top shelf.
-> She is the tallest girl to reach the top shelf.
the most + adj (the most beautiful, the most popular, ect)
Ex 4: This is the most expensive shirt that is sold in the store.
-> This is the most expensive shirt to be sold in the store.
The practice of GRAMMAR: WORK IN PAIRS
KEYS
1.  John was the last man to reach the top of the mountain.
2.  The first person (for us) to see is Mr. Smith.
3.  The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.
4.  This is the second person to be killed in that way.
5.  The first person to catch the ball will be the winner.
2.EXERCISE: Rewrite the sentences using To_V:
1. John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain.
2. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
3. The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.
4. This is the second person who was killed in that way.
5. The first person who catches the ball will be the winner.
MORE EXERCISES:
Choose the best option
ANSWERS: 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A
1.Who’s the girl that is waiting outside?
A. to wait B. waiting C. waited
2. Don’t let me be the last who knows your decision.
A. to know B. knowing C. known
3. The man who was caught by the police last night was a notorious criminal.
A. to catch B. catching C. caught
4. The man who saved me from the lake was very brave.
A. to save B. saving C. saved
5. Hamlet is a tragedy which was written by Shakespeare.
A. to write B. to be written C. writing
6. The next train which leaves the station is to London.
A. to leave B. leaving C. left

THANK YOU
GOOD BYE

1. Have you read the book that was written by Nguyen Du?
2. The road which connects Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city is called Number 1.
3. This is the second novel which was written by this famous writer.
4. The man who sat next to me on the train looked gentle.
5. The steam engine which was invented by James Watt opened a new period in human development history.
6. I knew then that I was not the first person who came as I saw smoke rising from the chimney of the house.
Exercise 2: Reduce these sentences by using participles or to infinitives:
KEYS:
1. Have you read the book written by Nguyen Du?
2. The road connecting Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city is called Number 1.
3. This is the second novel to be written by this famous writer.
4. The man sitting next to me on the train looked gentle.
5. The steam engine invented by James Watt opened a new period in human development history.
6. I knew then that I was not the first person to come as I saw smoke rising from the chimney of the house.