eat
1

sell
2

grow
3

grew

caught

introduced

6

sold
7

ate
8

catch

introduce
5
PELMANISM
4

sold
11

introduced
12

grown
13

eaten
10
15

caught
14
9
V-inf
V2\ed
V3\ed
Tom catches Jerry.
Jerry
is
caught
by
Tom.
S
be
V3\ed
O
Active:
S
+ V
+ O
Passive:
S
+ be
+V3\ed
+ by + O
S
V
O
* The active  The passive
Active:
S
+ V
+ O
Passive:
S
+ be
+V3\ed
+ by +O
1. The present simple tense:
Active:
S
+ V1\s\es

+ O
Passive:
S
+ am/is/are
+V3\ed
+ by+ O
2. The past simple tense:
Active:
S
+ V2\ed

+ O
Passive:
S
+ was/were
+V3\ed
+ by+ O
Active:
S
+ has/have + V3\ed
+ O
Passive:
S
+ has/have + been
+V3\ed
+ by+ O
3. The present perfect tense:
They will build a new house next year.
A new house will be built (by them) next year.
Active:
S
+ Modal verb
+ V
Passive:
S
+ Modal verb
+ by + O
+ be + V3\ed
4. Modal verbs in passive voice:
* Notes:
- Modal verbs: will/ would/ can/ could/ shall/ should/ may/ might/ must/ have to/ be going to,...
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước “by + O”, trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau “by + O”.
- Có thể bỏ “by + O” ở câu bị động khi chủ ngữ câu chủ động không xác định rõ như: people, they, someone, ...
+ O
* Change these sentences into the passive voice:


1. They made jean cloth completely from cotton in the 18th century.
 Jean cloth ……………………………
2. They grow rice in tropical countries.
 Rice ……………………………
3. They will produce a lot of rice in Vietnam next year.
 A lot of rice ……………………………
4. They have just introduced a new style of jeans in the USA
 A new style of jeans ……………………………
5. We have to improve all the schools in the city.
 All the schools in the city ……………………………
Example: They sell jeans all over the world.
was made completely from cotton in the 18th century.
is grown in tropical countries.
will be produced in Viet Nam next year.
has just been introduced in the USA.
have to be improved in the city.
 Jeans are sold all over the world.
* Choose the best answer:
1. The photos ................. in a London studio last week.
A. took B. was taken
C. is taken D. were taken
2. Your bill should ............... before you leave the hotel.
A. is paid B. are paid
C. was paid D. be paid
3. Many mistakes ................ made.
A. have just been  B. has been just 
C. has just  D. have just 
4. Grass ............. by fat cows on the green meadow every day.
A. are eaten B. is eaten
C. was eaten D. were eaten
5. These exercises must ................ carefully.
A. do B. done C. did D. be done