GRAMMAR

A.THE PASSIVE VOICE

Example:

a. People speak English all over the world.
English
S

is
BE

spoken all over the world.
PP

b.Thousands of people
.

visit the Temple of Literature

The Temple of Literature is visited by thousands of
PP
BE
people S

1. Read the conversation in GETTING STARTED and underline any
sentences in the passive voice that you can find. Check your findings
with a partner.

1. Complete the sentences using the correct passive form of
the verbs in brackets.
was scattered across the countryside by the
1. Debris (scatter)………………
strong winds last night.
are built
2. Ten new houses (build)…………….in
the town every year.
were taken
3. Residents of flooded villages (take)………………to
a safe
place last night.
4. In the future, natural disasters (predict)
will be predicted with the help of technology.
…………………..accurately
5. Food and medicals supplies (deliver)………………..…later
will be delivered
this afternoon.

3.Rewrite the following sentences using the correct passive voice.
1. Volunteers have given out food and blankets to homeless people.
- Food and blanks have been given out to homeless people (by volunteers)
2. So far, rescue workers have freed ten people trapped in collapsed buildings.
- Ten people trapped in collapsed buildings have been freed (by the rescue workers) so far

3. Did the storm destroy the whole village?
- Was the whole village destroyed (by the storm) ?
4. If the storm hit the area, It will cause a lot of damage.
- If the area is hit by storm, a lot of damage will be caused
5. They are going to organise a garden party to raise money for the victims of
the flood.
- A garden party is going to be organised to raise money for the victims of the flood.

Past perfect

4a. Read part of the converation from getting started. Pay attention to the underlined part.

Nick: Was anyone injured?
Duong: Only a few minor injuries were reported. Most
people had moved to safe areas when the storm broke.

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(+) Positive
S+ had + past pariciple
Ex: I had left when they came.
(-) negative
S + had not( hadn't) + past participle
Ex:: I hadn't left when they came.
(?) Questions
Had + S +past participle?
Had + S + not + past participle?
Hadn't +S + past participle?
Short answers to Yes/No questions:
Yes, S + had
No, S + hadn't
Ex: had you left when they came?
Yes, I had/ No, I hadn't

b. When do we use the past perfect? Can you think of any rules?
1. We use the past perfect to describe an action
before a started time in the past
Ex: People had managed to leave the flooded villages
by 11 o'clock.
2. We use the past perfect to describe an action
happened before another action in the past.
Ex: People had already left the flooded villages when
rescue workers arrived.

5.Complete the sentences by putting the verbs in brackets into the
simple past or past perfect

1. Most people (leave)……………before
the volcano (erupt)…………….
had left
erupted
2. By the time
we (arrive)……………..at the canyon, It (stop)
……….............snowing. arrived
had stopped
3. They (spend)……………..the
night in the flooded area before help
(arrive)………………….
had spent
4. Simon (get)……….lost
because he (not take)…………........a map with
arrived
him.
hadn't taken
got
5. I (find)…………..my pen after I (buy)………….........a new one.

found

had bought

HOME W
O
RK
- Learn b

y heart new
w
ords
- Do these e
xercises B 1,
2
in page 19 in
workbook
- Prepare un
it 9:
Communicati
on