TRANSFORMATION OF
SENTENCES

S + spend + TIME+ V-ing
 It + take + sb + TIME+ to + V
 S + V + O + in + TIME

O
+
last
+
TIME
(toV)
Modal 1: Dành bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì

Eg: I spend 1 hour cleaning my house.
= I take 1 hour to clean my house.

Modal 2: quá… để làm gì
S + be/V + too + adj/adv + to + V
 S + be/V + so + adj/adv + that + S + can't/
couldn't + V
Eg: He is too young to drive motorbike.
= He is so young that he can't drive motorbike.
It rained so heavily that we couldn't go out.
= It rained too heavily to go out.

Modal 3: không đủ… để làm gì
S + be/V not + adj/adv+ enough + to + V
 S + be/V + too + adj/adv + to + V
Eg: He is too young to drive motorbike.
= He isn't old enough to drive motorbike.
It rained too heavily that we couldn't go out.
= It didn't rain softly enough to go out.

Modal 4: quá… đến nỗi mà
S + be + so + Adj. + that …
 It + be + such + (a/an) Adj + Noun +
that…

Eg: The book is so good that I can't take my eyes off.
= It is such a good book that I can't take my eyes off.

Modal 5: câu cảm thán

S + be + adj
 What + a/an + adj + N!
 How + adj + N + be!
Eg: The room is beautiful.
= What a beautiful room!
= How beautiful room is!

S + V + adv
 How + adv + S + V!

Eg: She sings beautifully.
= How beautifully she sings!

Modal 6: Ai đó nên làm gì
S + should/ought to/had better + V …
It's (high/about) time + S + V2/-ed

Eg: You should study now.
= You'd better study now
= It's time you studied.

Modal 7: Các câu đề nghị

Shall we + V?
 Let's + V
 Why don't we + V?
 How/What about + V-ing?
Eg: Shall we go out tonight?
= Let's go out tonight.
= Why don't we go out tonight?
= What about going out tonight?

Modal 8: Chuyển đổi câu điều ước
- Câu điều ước ở tương lai:

I + wish + someone + would + V
- Câu điều ước ở hiện tại

S + wish + someone + V2/ed
- Câu điều ước ở quá khứ:

Eg: I+bought
a lot of +
clothes
S + wish
someone
had + V3/ed
= I wish I hadn't bought a lot of clothes.

Modal 9: bởi vì…

Since, As, Because + S + V + …
 Because of/ Due to/As a result of/ On account of +
Noun/ V-ing
Eg: Because it rains, I can't go out tonight.
= Because of raining, I can't go out tonight.
Because of his sickness, he couldn't go to the meeting.
= Since he was sick, he couldn't go to the meeting.

Modal 10: tuy nhiên

Although/ Though/ Even though + S + V + …
 Despite/ In spite of + Noun/ V-ing
Eg: Although she is tired, she goes to school.
= In spite of being tired, she goes to school.
Despite working hard, he earned not much.
=Though he worked hard, he earned not much.

Modal 11 :
S + be + adj + N
 S + V + adv
Eg: She is a good swimmer
= She swims well.
S + V + adv
 S + V + with + N
Eg: He did it enthusiastically.
=He did it with enthusiasm.

Modal12: Nhớ/ Không quên làm gì
(S) + remember + to do Sth
 (S) + don't forget + to do Sth
Eg: You remember to buy me some bread.
= You don't forget to buy me some bread.

Modal 13 : …. khi làm gì

To V + be + Adj/Noun for sb
 S + find + it + Adj/Noun + to V
To live in the countryside alone could be hard for
her.
= She finds it hard to live alone in the countryside.

Modal 14: Nhiệm vụ của ai đó là…
It's one's duty to + V
 S + be + supposed to + v

Eg:
It's her duty to take out the garbage.
= She is supposed to take out the garbage.

Modal15 : Thích làm gì hơn

S +  prefer + V-ing to V-ing st
 S + would rather + V than V st

Eg: I prefer staying at home to hanging out with
him.
= I would rather stay at home than hang out
with him.

Modal 16: Thích ai làm gì
S + would prefer + sb + to V
 S + would rather + sb + V2/-ed 
Eg: I would prefer you not to stay up late.
= I would rather you not stayed up late.

Modal 17: Làm gì để …
S + V + so that/ in order that + S +
V
 S + V + (for O) + to infinitive
Eg: My dad turned off the TV so that we could
sleep.
= My dad turned off the TV for us to sleep

Modal 18: Không đáng để làm gì
It's+ no good/no use + V-ing
 There + be + no point in + V-ing
 It' not worth + V-ing
Eg: It's no use getting upset about this.
= There's no point in getting upset about this.
= It's not worth getting upset about this.

Modal 19: Cần/ không cần thiết làm gì
S + need (needn't) + to V
 It's (not)necessary (for sb) + to
V
Eg:
You don't need to come here.
↔ It's not necessary for you to come here.

Modal 20 : Quen với việc gì
S + be used to + V-ing/N
 S + be accustomed to + V-ing/N
S + be acquainted with + V-ing/N
Eg: My brother was used to sleeping late.
My brother was accustomed to sleeping late.
↔ My brother was acquainted with sleeping late.

Modal 21 : có/không có khả năng làm gì
S + can't/couldn't afford + N
N + be+ too expensive for sb + to
buy/pay.
 N + be+ so expensive that + S
can't/couldn't buy it/them
Eg: She couldn't afford the tuition fee.
= The tuition fee was too expensive for her to
pay.
= The tuition fee was so expensive that she
couldn't pay it.

Modal : Đã từng làm gì/ Bây giờ không làm nữa

S + used to + V
 S + don't/doesn't + V anymore
 S + often/usually + Ved/2
 No longer + do/does + S + V
S + no more + V/Vs/es
S + stop + V-ing
Eg : I used to love you
= I don't love you anymore.
= No longer do I love you.
= I no more love you.
I stop loving you.

Rewrite the sentences
1. Although his both legs were broken in the crash, he managed to get out of the
car before it exploded.
broken legs in the crash, he managed to get out of the car
=> Despite his………………………………………………………………
before it exploded.
2. I haven't eaten this kind of food before.
=> This is the first…………………………………………………………………
time I've eaten this kind of food.
3. The children couldn't go swimming because the sea was rough.
rough for the children to go swimming .
=> The sea was too……………………………………………………………………

4. I'm sorry I missed your birthday party.

I hadn't missed your birthday party. /I had gone to your
=> I wish …………………….
…

5. That restaurant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there.
=> It is such …………………………………..

a dirty restaurant that no one wants to eat there.

6. I'm afraid I haven't got time to listen to you.
=> I wish …………………….

I had time to listen to you.

7. We spent 5 hours getting to London.
=> It took ……..

us 5 hours to get to London.

8. I get to work in 20 minutes.
=> It ………………
takes me 20 minutes to get to work.
9. The furniture was so expensive that I didn't buy it.
expensive for me to buy it.
=> The furniture was too …………………………………
10. It was so late that nothing could be done.
=> It was too …………………………………………………
late to do something.
11.This flower is very beautiful!
=> How ………………………………………………………!
beautiful this flower is!

12. The last time she had a swim was five years ago.
a swim for five years.
=> She hasn't had
……………………………………………………

13. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car.
of his broken leg, he managed to get out of the car .

In spite ……………………………………………………………
14. Why don't you ask her yourself?
asking her yourself.

=> I suggest ……………………………………………
15. I regret spending so much money.
I hadn't spent so much money.

=> I wish …………………………………………………………………….

16. My mother used to play volleyball when she was young.
play volleyball
any more.
=> My mother doesn't
…………………………………….

17. I last saw Jenny when I was in Ha Noi City.
seen
Jenny since I was in Ha Noi City.
=> I haven't
seen……………………………………….

18. It is a four-hour drive from Nam Dinh to Ha Noi.
=> It takesfour………………………………………
……
hours to drive from Nam Dinh to Ha Noi.

19. I think the owner of the car is abroad.
car is thought to be abroad.
=> The ownerof the
………………………………
20. It's a pity that he didn't tell me about this.
=> I wishhe……………………………………….
……………
had told me about this.
21. You couldn't go swimming because of the rain heavily.
heavy
to go swimming.
=> The rain was too
………………………………………..
22. He spends two hours a week sorting out stamps.
=> Sorting out
_________________________________
stamps
lasts two hours a week for him.

23. What's the height of the mountain?
=> How ______________________________________

high is the mountain?.

24. I don't feel as tired after a train journey as I do after a car
journey.
=> I feel more __________________________________

tired after a car journey than I do
25. Cars are faster
than
buses.
after
a train
journey.
=>Buses _____________________________________
are slower than cars.

26. He turned off the light, then he went out.
light, then he went out.
=> Turningthe
____________________________________
27. Theatre program usually have lots of information.
usually lots of information in theatre
=> Thereis______________________________________
program .
28. “Why don't you put your luggage under the seat?” he asked.
=> He suggested putting my luggage under the seat.
29. He has been collecting stamps for five years.
=> He started
collecting
_________________________________
stamps five years ago.

30. “Would you like orange juice?”
=> Heoffered
…………………………………………
……………
me orange juice.
31. I got lost because I didn't have a map.
=> If I . ………………………………………..….
32. “Let's go fishing”.
=> She suggests …………………………………… …
33. Mike gave me a dress on my birthday.
=> I was ……………………………………….. ……………

34. More newspapers are being sold in this city.
=> People are __________________________________
35. They were giving their son some presents when we came.
=> Their son ___________________________________________

Choose the best answer

1. Nancy isn't used to walking so far
A. Nancy used to walk farther
B. Nancy doesn't like to walk so far
C.
C Nancy isn't accustomed to walking very far
D. Nancy needed help to walk so far
2. In spite of all our efforts, we failed in the final match.
A. Although we tried very hard, we failed in the final match.
A
B. We made all our efforts so that we could gain success in the final match.
C. Whatever efforts we had made, we weren't able to win in the final match.
D. We failed in the final match as a result of all our efforts.
3. English is easy to learn.
A. It is not difficult to learn English.
B. It's easy to learn English.
C. It's difficult to learn English.
D. A & B are correct.
D

4.The coffee was not strong. It didn't keep us awake.
A. The coffee was very strong, but it couldn't keep us awake.
B. We were kept awake because the coffee was strong.
C The coffee was not strong enough to keep us awake.
C.
D. The coffee was so hot that it didn't keep us awake.
5. It took Jane three hours to sort out her stamps.
A. Jane spent three hours to sort out her stamps.
B.
B Jane sorted out her stamps in three hours.
C. Jane spent on three hours sorting her stamps.
D. Jane took three hours to sort out her stamps
6. The bag was so heavy that she couldn't carry it upstairs.
A. The bag was too heavy for her to carry it upstairs.
B. The bag was so heavy for her to carry upstairs.
C. The bag was heavy enough for her to carry upstairs.
D The bag was too heavy for her to carry upstairs.
D.

7. How long haven't you seen Peter? This sentence means:
______.
A. When are you going to see Peter?
C When will you and Peter see each other again?
B.
C. When did you last see Peter?
D. When haven't you seen Peter?
8. The woman was too weak to lift the basket.
A. Although she was weak, she could lift the basket.
C The woman shouldn't have lifted the basket because she was so weak.
B.
C. She was so weak that she couldn't lift the basket.
D. The woman lifted the basket, so she wasn't very weak.
9. He prefers playing golf to swimming.
A. He would rather playing golf than swimming.
c
B.
He would rather play golf to swim.
C. He would rather play golf than swim.
D. He would rather play golf than swimming

10. He started learning French six years ago.
A.
A He has learned French for six years.
B. It was six years ago did he start learning French.
C. He hasn't learnt French for six years.
D. It is six years since he has learnt French.
11. The last time I went to the museum was a year ago.
A I have not been to the museum for a year.
A.
B. A year ago, I often went to the museum.
C. My going to the museum lasted a year.
D. At last I went to the museum after a year
12. Barry continued to smoke even though we had advised him to quit.
A. Barry took our advice so he stopped smoking.
B. If we had advised Barry, he would have quit smoking.
C. Barry did not quit smoking because of our advice.
D Despite being told not to smoke, Barry continued to do.
D.

13. This is the first time I attend such an enjoyable wedding party.
A. The first wedding party I attended was enjoyable.
B. I had the first enjoyable wedding party.
C. My attendance at the first wedding party was enjoyable.
D.
D I have never attended such an enjoyable wedding party before.
14. I have not met her for three years.
A The last time I met her was three years ago.
A.
B. It is three years when I will meet her.
C. I did not meet her three years ago.
D. During three years, I met her once.
15. Mary tried to keep calm although she was very disappointed.
A. Mary was too disappointed to keep calm.
B.
B Disappointed as she was, Mary tried to keep calm.
C. Mary lost her temper because of her disappointment.
D. Feeling disappointed, Mary tried to keep calm, but she failed.

16. Even though it was raining heavily, the explorers decided to continue their
journey.
A .It rained so heavily that the explorers could not continue their journey.
B. The explorers put off their journey due to the heavy rain.
C The heavy rain could not prevent the explorers from continuing their journey.
C.
D. If it had rained heavily, the explorers would not have continued their journey.
17. He cannot afford a new computer.
A The new computer is so expensive that he cannot buy it.
A.
B. Therefore, he would buy a new computer.
C. So, he would buy a new computer.
D. The new computer is so expensive but he can buy it.
18. Housewives do not have to spend a lot of time doing housework any more.
A. Housework will never be done by housewives any more.
B. Housewives have to spend more and more time to do housework.
C. Never have housewives spent as much time doing housework as they do now.
D No longer do housewives have to spend a lot of time doing housework.
D.

19. It is necessary to finish the work today.
A. You need not to finish the work today.
B. You needn't to finish the work today.
C. You don't have to finish the work today.
D.
D You need to finish the work today.
20. Although I had all the necessary qualifications, they didn't offer me the job.
A. Despite of having all the necessary qualifications, they didn't offer me the job.
B. In spite of to having all the necessary qualifications, they didn't offer me the job.
C.
C Despite having all the necessary qualifications, they didn't offer me the job.
D. Despite having all the necessary qualifications, but they didn't offer me the job.
21. It's necessary for everybody to clean up their neighborhood once a week.
A Everybody needs to clean up their neighborhood once a week.
A.
B. Everybody need not to clean up their neighborhood once a week.
C. Everybody needn't to clean up their neighborhood once a week.
D. Everybody doesn't need to clean up their neighborhood once a week.