Cultural Diversity
UNIT 2
Period: 13 _ Language Focus
* The pronunciation of ed –endings.
* Review of Tenses
I. Pronunciation
Activity 1: Arrange the words into three groups according to the pronunciation of the -ED ending sound:.
1. Walked 2. explained 3. wanted 4. Missed 5. Phoned 6. knocked, 7. arrested 8. rained
9. Started 10. Decided 11. mended 12. involved
13. Jumped 14. helped 15. arrived
CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –ED” CUỐI : Đây là hình thức Past tense và Past participle:
1. “-ed ” pronounced as / id /: sau / t/, /d / : Thường sau chữ t, d :
- Ex: wanted;decided
2. “-ed ” pronounced as / t /: sau / k/,/ f/, /p/, /s/, /∫/,/ t∫/, /h /,// hoặc chữ p, k, f, th, s, sh, ch, ce :
- Ex: asked; stopped; laughed...
3. “-ed ” pronounced as / d / : Trừ 2 trường hợp trên - Ex: moved; played; raised.
Ngọai lệ: Đuôi -ed trong các tính từ sau được phát âm /id/.
Ex: aged, learned, beloved, blessed, naked.
Listen and Repeat
Practise reading
1. She walked to the window and looked outside.
2. The driver stopped his car at the crossing where a woman was knocked down.
3. Jane phoned for an ambulance and the police, but they arrived late.
4. The police arrested the thief yesterday.
5. He decided to give up smoking.
Exercise: Which of the verbs is pronounced /t/, /d/, /id/ ?
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Bài tập
Quizizz
62152014
II. Grammar
Review of Tenses
1. The simple present tense
( Thì hiện tại đơn)
Cấu trúc (form)
A. Khẳng định (affirm)

Ex:
Cách thêm “es”
+ Đối với những động từ có tận cùng là: o, sh, s, ch, x, z.Thì ta thêm “es” vào sau động từ.
Ex:
- She teaches English
- He washes his face every morning
- He misses you so much
- She goes to school at 6.30 every morning.
B. Phủ định ( negative form)

C. Nghi vấn ( interragative form)

Ex:
Do you like football?
Do they do their homework everyday?
Does she like beer?
Does he play football every afternoon?

2. Cách dùng (usage)
+ Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên.
Ex:
- The sun rises in the East.
- I live in Vietnam
- She is a student
- The earth goes around the sun
+ Thì hiện tại đơn diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại.
Ex:
- I often go to school by bicycle
- She gets up early every morning
- What do you do every night?
- He eats breakfast at 7 a.m every day
3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Các phó từ thường được dùng chung với thì hiện tại đơn:
+ Often, usually, frequently : thường
+ Always, constantly : luôn luôn
+ Sometimes, occasionally : thỉnh thoảng
+ seldom, rarely : ít khi, hiếm khi
+ Every day/ week/ month/year : mỗi ngày/tuần/tháng/năm.

2. The present continuous tense
Formation:
Khẳng Định: S + is/am/are + V_ing + O

Phủ định: S + is/am/are + not + V_ing + O

Nghi vấn: Is/Am/Are + S + V_ing + O
2. Catch dùng (Usage)
+ Thì HTTD diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra nay lúc nói. (Cách dùng này thường đi kèm với các trạng từ hoặc trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian: now, right now, at the moment, at present).
Ex:
- The children are playing football now
- What are you doing at the moment?
- They are dancing at present.
3: The Present Perfect
Formation: S + have / has + Past Participle.
2) Uses: a) to express an action that happened in the past without definite time. (Adv: ever, never, already, yet)
Ex: - Have you ever been to London?
- He has already finished his homework.
b) to express a recent event. (Adv: just, recently)
Ex: - Peter has recently bought a new house.
c) to express an action happening in the past and continuing to the present time. (Prep: For + period of time; Since + point of time; Adv: So far)
Ex: - we have lived in Hue for 10 years.
- She has studied English since she was 7 years old
4. The Simple Past
Formation: S + Past Form + O.
Past Form: - Regular verbs: V-ed
- Irregular Verbs: see column 2 (Ir. Verb)
3) Uses: - to express an action completed at a definite time in the past.
Adv: yesterday, ago, last + N
4) Ex: - I saw her this morning.
- Yesterday he flew to New York.
- Five years ago, they lived in a small house in this area.
- Last week we paid an interesting visit to the Historic Museum.
5. The Past Progressive
Formation: S + was / were + v - ing + O.
2) Uses: a) to express an action that was happening and continuing at a definite time in the past.
Ex: - At 7 p.m. last night we were having our dinner.
b) to express two actions happening at the same time in the past.
Ex: - Last night, while Peter was playing badminton, Mary was reading books.
c) to express an action that was happening in the past then another action happened and interrupted it.
Ex: - I was sleeping when the phone rang.
6. The Past Perfect
1. Formation: S + had + Past Participle.
S + hadn’t + Past Participle.
Had + S + Past Participle.
2. Uses:
a) Hai hành động xảy ra ở quá khứ, hành động nào cảy ra trước thì chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Ex: - Yesterday, before he went to shool, he had drunk a cup of milk

b) Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành còn diễn tả hành động xảy ra trước một mốc thời gian trong quá khứ
Ex:By the end of June, we had graduated from our Univesity
7. simple future







Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Ts. Tôn Quang Cường
Khoa Sư Phạm - ĐHQG Hà Nội

9/28/2021
Simple future
23
form
Khẳng định:
S + shall/will + verb(without "to") + O
Phủ định:
S + shan`t/won`t + verb (without "to") + O
Nghi vấn:
Shall/Will + S + verb (without "to") + O?
- Yes, S + shall/will
- No, S + shall/will
(Shall: S = I/We
Will: S = You/She/He/It/They)
Cách sử dụng (Use):
Diễn tả một quyết định, một ý định nhất thời nảy ra ngay tại thời điểm nói.
Eg:
Are you going to the supermarket now? I will go with you.
I will come back home to take my document which I have forgotten.  
Diễn tả một dự đoán không có căn cứ.
Eg :
I think she will come to the party.
- She supposes that she will get a better job.
3. Diễn tả một lời hứa hay lời yêu cầu, đề nghị.
Eg :
I promise that I will tell you the truth.
- Will you please bring me a cup of coffee?
4. Sử dụng trong câu điều kiện loại một, diễn tả một sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại và tương lai.
Eg :
If she comes, I will go with her.
- If it stops raining soon, we will go to the cinema.
III- DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN

Trong câu có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai:
- in + thời gian: trong … nữa (in 2 minutes: trong 2 phút nữa)
- tomorrow: ngày mai
- Next day/week/month/…: ngày/tuần/tháng/… tới
Trong câu có những động từ chỉ quan điểm như:
-  think/ believe/ suppose/ …: nghĩ/ tin/ cho là
- perhaps: có lẽ
- probably: có lẽ
9/28/2021
Simple future
27
adverb
Tomorrow (morning, evening, night...)
Next (week, month, year, summer...)
In 2 weeks (2 tuần nữa)/Soon(chẳng bao lâu)
In the year 2010 (vào năm 2010)
This week / this mouth (tuần này/tháng này)
9. THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN
NEAR FUTURE TENSE
I- Cấu trúc (Form)
1. Khẳng định:
S + is/ am/ are + going to + V
NOTE:
- S = I + am = I’m
- S = He/ She/ It + is = He’s/ She’s/ It’s
-S = We/ You/ They + are = We’re/ You’re/ They’re


1. Dùng để diễn tả một dự định, kế hoạch trong tương lai.
Eg :
- He is going to get married this year.
- We are going to take a trip to HCM city this weekend.

II- CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN
2. Dùng để diễn đạt một dự đoán có căn cứ, có dẫn chứng cụ thể.
Eg :
- Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain.
-  Are you going to cook dinner? I have seen a lot of vegetables on the table.
III- DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN
Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì tương lai gần bao gồm các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai giống như dấu hiệu nhận biết thì tương lai đơn, nhưng nó có thêm những căn cứ hay những dẫn chứng cụ thể.
- in + thời gian: trong … nữa (in 2 minutes: trong 2 phút nữa)
- tomorrow: ngày mai
- Next day: ngày hôm tới
- Next week/ next month/ next year: Tuần tới/ tháng tới/ năm tới
Eg :
- Tomorrow I am going to visit my parents in New York. I have just bought the ticket.
4. Chú ý:
- Động từ “GO” khi chia thì tương lai gần ta sử dụng cấu trúc:
      S + is/ am/ are + going
Chứ ta không sử dụng:
S + is/ am/ are + going to + go
Eg :
- I am going to the party tonight.
Exercise 1:Complete the following conversations with the correct form of the verbs in the box
1. A: _______you______ The Titanic yet?
B: Yes I have. I_______ it last night. Why?
A: I ______________it next Friday.
2. A: Who _______all the soda?
B: Not me. I ______________any soda at all since last week.
I _______water all week. It ‘s much healthier.
Have
seen
saw
am going to see
See drink write cook
haven’t drunk
drank
drank
3. A: Susan ____________a lot of books lately.
B: ____she _______Wildest Dreams?
A: Yes, she did. She ___________ that one about five years ago.
4. A: You __________________ for hours. When are we eating dinner?
B: I’ve just finished. I __________ something special for you. It’s called “ Ants on a tree”.
A: Gross!
B: Actually, I ______________it for you many times before. It’s just meatballs with rice noodles.
has written
Did
write
wrote
have been cooking
cooked
Have cooked
Rosemary Dare is a wildlife photographer. She (1)______________in Uganda for many years. She (2)_____________________ elephants for twenty years. She (3) ___________thousands of pictures since 1980s. Last year, she (4) __________an international prize for nature photography. She (5) ______many prizes over the years. Recently, Ms Dare (6)__________________ interested in rhinos. She (7) ______________ them for the last few months. I am sure we (8) _______some interesting photos soon.
has been living
has been photographing
has taken
has won
won
has become
has been tracking
will see
Exercise 2: Choose the correct tense (A, B, C, or D) in the Exercise 2 in your book to complete the passage
Exercise 3: Complete the following letter with the correct form of the verbs in brackets
Dear Mr. Jones,
I am writing this letter to complain about the noise from Apartment 3C. I (1. move) ................. Into Apartment 2 C on November 1. Since I (2. move) ....................... In, my upstairs neighbours have played their stereo loudly every night. I
(3. ask) ....................... Them to turn it down several times. But they (4. not stop) .......................... The noise yet. I am a student and I (5.study) ........................ Every night. I (6. fail) ......................... My final exams next month unless this noise stops. I would be grateful if you (7. can talk) .......................... to my neighbours and ask them to turn down their stereo after 10:00 p.m.
Sincerely,
Jony
moved
moved
Have asked
Haven’t stopped
study
Will fail
could talk
Homework
Make 5 sentences with each tense:
Prepare for the Reading of Unit 3 in advance.
Thank You for Your Attention!