Welcome to Group 4
1.Dang Dinh Dai
2. Nguyen Thi Giang
3. Ha Thi Thanh Huyen
4. Luu Thi Ngoc Lan
5. Nguyen Thi Thuy
6. Le Thi Thuy Van
7. Hoang Thi Anh Van
8. Duong Van Phuc
9. Do Duy Quyet
10. Hua Thi Hoai Thu
11. Pham Thanh Loan
12. Vu Quynh Hoa
Instructor: Nguyen T hi Huong Lan
ELT methodology

Second Language Acquisition Theory
5 Hypotheses

The Natural Order Hypothesis
Outline
I. Content of hypothesis
II. Study in language acquisition: English morphology ( grammatical morphemes)
Children acquire E as 1st language
Children acquire E as 2nd language
Adults acquire E as 2nd language
Comparison between the order of acquisition for 2nd language and for 1st language
1. Content of hypothesis
Grammatical structures(GS) are acquired in a predictable order:
Some structures tend to be acquired early
Others tend to be acquired late

Doesn’t state : every acquirer acquires GS in exact same order

Structures : be acquired in groups, several at about the same time
Children acquire E as 1st language
Brown’s study: children acquire certain grammatical morphemes( GMs) or function words relatively early & certain others relatively late

Eg: -ing in progressive tense/ -s in plural early
She is doing her homework.
Three books
-s in the 3rd person singular or ‘s possessive maker  late
She does her homework every day
It is Mai’s book

Brown (1973): charted a growth of 14 MPs in 3 children
& found noticeable similarities in order of acquisition.
Jill and Peter de Villiers’ study (1973)
Have same results: difficulty order is similar to acquisition order.

2. Children acquire E as 2nd language

Show a natural order for grammatical morphemes

Dulay & Burt (1974): Children (in # part in USA & speak # 1st language) showed a remarkable similar difficulty

Dulay and Burt (1974) – L2 study
Children (60 Spanish & 55 Chinese)


3. Adults acquire E as 2nd language


Findings: adults show a natural order of grammatical morphemes.

Bailey, Madden & Krashen (1974): subjects speaking different 1st language show remarkably similar difficulty orders.
Bailey, Madden & Krashen (1974)- L2 study
Adults(classified as Spanish & non-Spanish) N=73
STUDY E AS 2ND LANGUAGE











Dulay & Burt (1974) - Children
Bailey, Madden & Krashen (1974) Adults
Average Order of Acquisition of Grammatical Morphemes for English as 2nd language (Children & Adults)
ING (progressive)
PLURAL
COPULA (To be)

AUXILIARY(progressive)
ARTICLE ( A. THE)
IRREGULAR PAST
REGULAR PAST III
SINGULAR (-s)
POSSESSIVE (-s)

4. Comparison between order of acquisition for 2nd language & that for 1st language

Similar: bound morphemes (-Ing, plural, irregular past, regular past, III singular, possessive) have same relative order for both 1st & 2nd language acquisition.

Different: Copula (to be) & Auxiliary tend to be acquired relatively later in 1st language acquisition than in 2nd language acquisition.

Krashen: this order is found only when subjects use the L2 in light monitoring situations  not find in students’ answer to formal grammar test questions.
Thanks for your attention !!!! (^_^) (^-^) (^_^)