Activity 1: Arrange the words into three
groups according to the pronunciation of the S ending sound: bags, bats, kits, kids, halves,
dates, days, speeds, speaks, photographs,
buses, boxes, watches, dishes, lamps, shoes,
months, ties, houses, potatoes.
/S/

/Z/

/ IZ /

Activity 1: Arrange the words into two groups
according to the pronunciation of the -S
ending sound ( Answer keys)
/S/

bats, kits,
dates, months
speaks, lamps
photographs

/Z/

bags, kids,
speeds, days,
halves,
potatoes,
shoes, ties,

/ IZ /

boxes, buses,
houses,
dishes,
watches,

Activity 2: Draw out the conclusion of pronouncing –
S/ – ES ending sound.
-We add –s or –es to a noun to make it a plural one. It is
pronounced /s/, /z/ or /iz/.
a) We pronounce the –s ending sound /s/ when the word
ends with the sounds /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/, (th).
Eg: works, stops, laughs…
b) We pronounce the –es ending sound /iz/ when the
word ends with the sounds /s/, /∫/, / t∫/, / dʒ/, /z/.

Eg: washes, buses, watches…
c) We pronounce the –s ending sound /z/ when the
words end with all sounds except those in (a) and (b).

Activity 3: Practise reading these sentences.
1) I saw some bats flying from the bags.
2) He often speaks at different speeds.
3) She tore the photographs into halves.
4) I always have the dates on rainy days.
5) The kids are playing with their toy kits.

Past Simple
Present Perfect

Past Progressive

I: The Simple Past

1) Formation:
A. TOBE:

(+) S + was/were + C.
(-)

S + wasn't/weren't + C

(?) (Wh) + was/ were + S + C ?
Eg: He was born in 1980
Eg: They were in Ha Noi last month.
B.TO DO:

(+) S + V2/ed + O.
(-)

S + did not + Vo + O

(?) (Wh) + did + S + Vo +O ?
Eg: She became a nurse in 2008
Eg: They didn't come home last night.

2) Uses: - to express an action completed at a
definite time in the past.
Adv: yesterday, ago, last + N
Ex:

- I saw her this morning.
- Yesterday he flew to New York.

- Five years ago they lived in a small house
in this area.
- Last week we paid an interesting visit to
the Historic Museum.

II: The Past Progressive
1) Formation: S + was / were + v - ing + O.
2) Uses: a) to express an action that was happening and
continuing at a definite time in the past.
Ex: - At 7 p.m. last night we were having our dinner.
b) to express two actions happening at the same
time in the past.
Ex: - Last night, while Peter was playing badminton,
Mary was reading books.
c) to express an action that was happening in the
past then another action happened and interrupted it.
Ex: - I was sleeping when the phone rang.

III: The Present Perfect
1) Formation: S + have / has (not) + V3/ed.
2) Uses:
a) to express an action that happened in the past without
definite time. (Adv: ever, never, already, yet)
Ex: - Have you ever been to London?
- He has already finished his homework.
b) to express a recent event. (Adv: just, recently)
Ex: - Peter has recently bought a new house.
c) to express an action happening in the past and
continuing to the present time. (Prep: For + period of
time; Since + point of time; Adv: So far)
Ex: - we have lived in Hue for 10 years.
- She has studied English since she was 7 years old

Doing Exercises
Exercise1: Underline the most suitable tense form in each sentence.
1) Did you see/ Have you seen my bag anywhere? I can't find it.
2) Hello Peter, are you back from the match? Did you enjoy/ Have you
enjoyed it?
3) This is the photo of my great grandfather. He was/has been married
six times.
4) Have you given/ Did you give Helen my message when you have
seen/ saw her?
5) Sorry, could you say that again? I didn't listen/ haven't listened to
you.
6) Did you two meet/ Have you two met before? Laura, this is Peter.
7) Did you meet/ Have you met anyone interesting at the party?

Activity 4: Doing Exercises
Exercise1: Underline the most suitable tense form in each sentence.
1) Did you see / Have you seen my bag anywhere? I can't find it.
2) Hello Peter, are you back from the match? Did you enjoy / Have
you enjoyed it?
3) This is the photo of my great grandfather. He was / has been
married six times.
4) Have you given / Did you give Helen my message when you have
seen/ saw her?
5) Sorry, could you say that again? I didn't listen / haven't listened to
you.
6) Did you two meet / Have you two met before? Laura, this is Peter.
7) Did you meet / Have you met anyone interesting at the party?

Activity 4: Doing Exercises

Exercise2: Decide which answer (A, B or C) best fits each space.
Dear Linda,
I'm sorry I (1)_______ (write) to you for so long, but I (2)_______(be) very
busy lately. All last month I (3)________(have) exams, and I (4)_______(do)
anything else but study for ages. Anyway, I (5)___________(stop) studying
now, and I (6)__________(wait) for my exam results.
As you can see from this letter, I (7)_________(change) my address and
(8)________(live) in Corydon now. I (9)________ (decide) that I wanted a
change from central London because it (10)______(become) so expensive.
A friend (11)________me about this flat, and I (12)______(move) here about
two months ago.
When you (13)_________(come) to England this summer, please visit me. I
(14)_______(stay) here until the middle of August. Then I (15)________( go)
on holiday to Scotland.
Please write soon,
Margaret.

Exercise2: Decide which answer (A, B or C) best fits each space.
Dear Linda,
haven't written
I'm sorry I (1)_______________(write)
to you for so long, but I
have been
had
(2)____________(be)
very busy lately. All last month I (3)________(have)
exams,
and I (4)______________(do)
anything else but study for ages. Anyway, I
haven't done
have stopped
am waiting
(5)______________(stop)
studying now, and I (6)__________(wait)
for my exam
results.
have changed
As you can see from this letter, I (7)_____________(change)
my address and
(8)____________(live)
in Corydon now. I (9)_____________
have lived
have decided (decide) that I
has become
wanted a change from central London because it (10)_____________(become)
told
moved
so expensive. A friend (11)______(tell)
me about this flat, and I (12)______
(move) here about two months ago.
come
When you (13)_______(come)
to England this summer, please visit me. I
am staying
am going
(14)____________(stay)
here until the middle of August. Then I (15)__________
( go) on holiday to Scotland.
Please write soon,
Margaret.

1) Learn by heart all the knowledge about
the uses of those tenses reviewed.
2) Make five sentences for each tense.
3) Prepare Unit 2 – Reading in advance