to Class 11A1
UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK
PART E: LANGUAGE FOCUS
I. PRONUNCIATION
II. GRAMMAR
/w/ and /j/
1. Gerund and Present Participle
2. Perfect Gerund and Perfect Participle
I. PRONUNCIATION
/w/ /j/


we
wheel
west
wet
wine
whale
yes
years
yellow
use
young
York
1. We went for a walk in the woods near the railway.
2. We wore warm clothes and walked quickly to keep warm.
3. At about twelve, we had veal sandwiches and sweet white wine, and we watched TV.
4. Excuse me. Did you use to live in York?
5. Did you use to be a tutor at the University?
6. I read about Hugh in the newspaper yesterday.
Practice reading aloud these sentences
II. GRAMMAR
Exercise 1: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate gerund of the verbs from the box.
Example:
He found that parking was difficult in that city.
1. Gerund and Present Participle
1- I have no objection to _______ to your story again.
2- Touch your toes without _______ your knees!
3- You should be ashamed of yourself for _______ so badly.
4- I am looking forward to _______ you.
5- You can’t prevent him from ________ his own money.
6- Would you mind ______ for a moment?
7- In spite of _______ late, we arrived in time.
listening
bending
behaving
meeting
spending
waiting
starting
Gerund can be used in the following ways.
As subject of sentence (in example)
As complement of a verb
After prepositions (in number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7)
After certain verbs ( in number 6)
In noun compounds
Exercise 2: Complete of the following sentence with an appropriate present participle of the verb from the box.
Example:
I saw him ________ my house.
 I saw him passing my house.
1. She smelt something ______ and saw
smoke _____.
2. If she catches you ______ her diary, she’ll be furious.
3. The found a tree ____ across the road.
4. I’m going ________ this afternoon.
5. He doesn’t spend much time ________
his lessons.
6. They wasted the whole afternoon _____ to repair the bike.
7. They spend a lot of money __________
the house.
burning
rising
reading
lying
shopping
preparing
trying
modernizing
Some of the uses of present participle
After verbs of sensation (see, hear, feel, smell, listen to, notice, watch)
After catch/ find/ leave + O
After go/ come/ spend/ waste/ be busy
To replace a clause
E.g. He entered the room and saw a stranger.
 Entering the room, he saw a stranger.
Comments:
The difference between gerund and present participle:
Gerund: (V-ing) used as a noun equivalent
Present Participle: (V-ing) more like a verb or an adjective
2. Perfect Gerund and Perfect Participle
used instead of a gerund/ participle when we want to emphasize the completion of the action (having + p.p.)
Exercise 3: Put the verb in brackets into the perfect gerund or perfect participle.

Example:
He was accused of _______ (desert) his ship two months ago.
He was accused of having deserted his ship two months ago.
I object to him ___________ (make) private calls on the office phone.

2. __________ (be) his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another.

3. They denied ___________ (be) there.

__________ (tie) one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the other end out of the window.

___________ (read) the instruction, he snatched up the fire extinguisher.

6. The children admitted ___________ (take) the money.

having made
Having been
having been
Having tied
Having read
having taken
 PERFECT GERUND
 PERFECT GERUND
 PERFECT GERUND
 PERFECT PARTICIPLE
 PERFECT PARTICIPLE
 PERFECT PARTICIPLE
HOMEWORK

- Do the exercises in the textbook again.
- Write 5 sentences using gerund and 5 sentences using participle
Thank You!