REVIEW:
SOME OF ESSENTIAL GRAMMATICAL POINTS
Designed &Presented :
VO PHAM THIEN THY M.A.
Outline :
1.STATIVE VERBS
2.GERUNDS & INFINITIVE
3. VERBS PLUS PREPOSITION
4. CONDITIONALS
5. PASSIVE & ACTIVE MODES
6. ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS
7. COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE
Outline :
8. ADJECTIVES-DESCRIPTIVE
9. ADVERBS –DATE , TIME, SEQUENCE
10.ADJECTIVES OF FREQUENCY
11. CONJUNCTIONS
12. PARRALEL STRUCTURE
13. CAUSE & EFFECT
Module 1: STATIVE VERBS
Feeling : Like, Love, Hate, Fear, need, want
Appearance: Look, Seem, Appear…
Possession: Have, Own, Belong….
Perception: See, Hear, Smell…
Ideas: Think, Believe, Agree, Know, Understand…..
Stative verbs are not usually used in Progressive Tenses
Ex: The farmer owns the land
NOT The farmer is owing the land
Note: Sometimes some of these stative verbs can be put in Progressive Tenses if we’d like to focus on the action.
Ex: I have 3 cars ( have= own)
I’m having lunch ( having = eating)
Module 2: GERUNDS & INFINITIVES
agreed
to meet
Module 3: VERBS PLUS PREPOSITION
There are two kinds:
Separable: (call back, call up, drop off, pick up, find out, give back, take off, turn on, look up, put away, put in, help out….)
S + V + O (Noun) + Pre
S + V + Pre + O (noun).
Ex: You should turn the light off ( turn off the light) before leaving the room.
Note: S + V + O (pronoun) + Pre.
Ex: Pick him up NOT Pick up him
2. Inseparable: (go after, run into, stick with, call on, come across, get on, get over, get off, go over/ look after….)
S + V + Pre + O.
Ex: I always go over my lesson before the test
Module 4 : CONDITIONALS
Module 5 : PASSIVE-ACTIVE MODES
ACTIVE : S + V ( Transitive) + O ……..
PASSIVE: S + be + P.P…… (BY O)

Active : They sell concert tickets at the box office.
Passive : Concert Tickets are sold at the box office
Tom
Mother
Tom often kisses his mother .
His mother is often kissed by Tom .
Sofa
They are moving a sofa to the next room .
A sofa is being moved to the next room .
MODULE 6 : ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS
Module 7 :COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE
Compare the two animals, using Comparative
Using the suggested adjectives:
loyal, lovely…..
Dogs are more loyal than Cats.
Compare the two things, using Comparative
Using the suggested adjectives:
expensive (cheap), fast, convenient…..
Ex: Bicycle is cheaper than Motorcycle
Motorcycle is more expensive than Bicycle.
Or
Module 8 ADJECTIVE- DESCRIPTIVE PHRASE
SOMETIMES A PHRASE ACTS LIKE AN ADJECTIVE. IT DESCRIBES A NOUN.
THERE ARE THREE KINDS
Participle Phrase;
The girl sitting next to Ann is my close friend.
The children brought up in the countryside are generally healthy.
2. Infinitive Phrase :
Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the Moon.
3. Preposition Phrase:
The students in this class are very friendly
Module 9 : ADVERBS: DATE, TIME , SEQUENCE
MAIN CLAUSE
By the time ( before)
As soon as ( immediately after)
While ( at the same time)
When ( after or while)
After
Since ( describes when something begins)
Clause ( S + V)
A noun ( Phrase)
Gerund ( Phrase)
Ex: I always finish my homework before I eat my dinner.
before eating dinner
before the dinner
Module 10 : ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Never ( 0%) rarely/seldom sometimes/ occasionally often / frequently usually always( 100%)
Position:
1. S + Adverb + V (regular)
Ex: I always come to class on time.
2. S + “BE” + Adverb of Frequency
Ex: My teacher is seldom angry.

Note: “Sometimes, usually, frequently, generally” can be put at the beginning or the end of the sentence.
Ex: Sometimes I come to class late.
Module 11: CONJUNCTIONS.
FANBOYS ( For/ And / Nor / But / Or / Yet / So )
Module 12 : PARALLEL STRUCTURE
WORDS OR PHRASE THAT ARE CONNECTED BY A CONJUNCTION MUST HAVE THE SAME GRAMMARTICAL FORM.
NOUN
ADJECTIVE.
GERUND PHRASE.
VERB +0
AND . BUT.
OR
NOUN
ADJECTIVE.
GERUND PHRASE.
VERB +0

The trip was uncomfortable but cheap.
I never ride the bus or the subway.
He enjoys swimming and skiing.
She opened the door and ran outside
Module 13 : CAUSE & EFFECT
A. CAUSE
Main clause + because/ since/ as/ as long as + S + V + O……
Ex: We negotiate not because we fear death but because we love peace.
Main clause + because of/ due to / as a result / on account of + Noun (Phrase) / Gerund (Phrase)


Ex: The football match was postponed because of the bad weather.
Ex: I did not come to the party due to the rain

B. EFFECT
Main clause , so/ ; therefore/ ; consequently +Clause ( S + V + O…)….
Ex: I want to take a long vacation, so I am saving up the money.
Ex: she was absent from class; consequently ,she did not understand the lesson.
Note:
Because & So never appear in the same sentence
Because they failed to meet the deadline, so they didn’t get the bonus (WRONG)
Module 14 : PREFIXES.
Prefixes are added to the beginning of root words. They change the meaning of the word
Examples:
1. Our school is _______________because we have students from many countries
A. unavailable
B. multistoried
C. Uninteresting
D. multicultural
2. Turn off the computer and ___________ it.
A. dislike
B. restart
C. disobey
D. regain