Unit 6: GLOBAL WARMING
Lesson 2: LANGUAGE
PRONUNCIATION:
Intonation on yes-no and echo questions: RAISING or FALLING?
Activity 1: Listen and repeat these sentences, mark their intonation on the ITALIC.
Yes-no questions:
1. Do you agree with me? ⤻
2. Can you talk about the effects of global warming? ⤻
3. Do you think that we can reduce our carbon footprint? ⤻
4. Is it true that global warming is getting worse? ⤻
5. Are most of the environmental problems caused by humans? ⤻
1. Do you know that global warming is increasing? ⤻
2. Did you turn off the light before you left home? ⤻
3. Can we really reduce the carbon footprint of our homes? ⤻
4. Are you aware of the dangers of plastic bags on the environment? ⤻
5. Have you seen the `Young Voices for the Planet` films? ⤻
Activity 1: Echo questions:
1. A: Most of the environmental problems are man-made. B: Man-made? ⤻
2. A: Scientists are concerned about the effects of global warming.
B: Scientists are concerned about what? ⤻
3. A: I cycle to work every day. B: You do? ⤻
4. A: By 2050, rising temperatures could lead to the extinction of a million species. B: The extinction of a million species? ⤻
5. A: In order to save our environment, we should reduce our use of paper products. B: We should do what?  ⤻
1. A: ‘Plant for the Planet’ helped plant 12 billion trees worldwide.
B: Twelve billion trees worldwide? ⤻
2. A: Even when turned off, electronic devices use energy.
B: Yes, they can still use energy. ↷
3. A: Cutting down on energy use is the best way to help reduce global warming. B: The best way to do what? ⤻
4. A: Global warming has catastrophic effects on humans.
B: Global warming has what on humans? ⤻
5. A: A single tree can absorb about one ton of CO2 during its lifetime.
B: How long can a tree live? ↷
PRONUNCIATION
Intonation on yes-no and echo questions:
GRAMMAR: having + past participle
- Perfect participle is used to reduce the clauses of reason and/ or emphasize what happens before another action.
- Perfect gerund is the OBJECT of a verb or a preposition, emphasizing what have been done.
RAISING
Activity 2: Decide whether the BOLD are written in
Perfect participle or Perfect gerund.
Activity 3: Match the two parts to make complete sentences and rewrite them, using perfect participles.
g
d
c
a
b
h
e
f
Activity 3 (Example): Rewrite them, using perfect participles.
0. Because farmers had been informed about the bad effects of chemical fertilizers, they started using them sparingly on their farms.
 Having been informed …, farmers started ….
Comprehension questions:
How many clauses are there in this sentence?
Which clause points out the reason?
What does “they” replace for?
Does the clause of reason happen before or after the main one?
2
Because farmers had been informed …
farmers
Activity 3: Match the two parts to make complete sentences and rewrite them, using perfect participles.
1. Having learnt that humans are responsible …, we were determined to reduce our carbon footprint.
2. Having used up the fossil fuel resources in their country, they have to find some types of alternative energy.
3. Having cut down the forests to make way for farming, now local people have to suffer severe floods.
4. Having read the report on … climate change, we decided to sell our car and get a bicycle instead.
5. Having identified the causes of global warming, we worked out some solutions to reduce its effects.
6. Having talked with the environmentalist, we changed ….
7. Having ignored warnings …, people have to suffer its effects now.
Activity 4: Rewrite the sentences using perfect participles.
1. Since we have become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels run out.
2. Since Mai had refused Nam`s offer of a lift in his car, she had to walk home.
3. After Ha had read some documents about Green Earth, she decided to join the organisation.
4. Since the farmers used too much chemical fertilizer on their farm, they now have to drink polluted water.
5. After she replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she saved a lot of money on her electricity bills.
6. After the students had learnt about the benefits of recycling and reusing, they started collecting waste paper, bottles, and cans to recycle and reuse.
→ Having become too dependent …, we have to find ...
→ Having refused …, Mai had to ...
→ Having read …, Ha decided ...
→ Having used …, the farmers now have to ...
→ Having replaced …, she saved ….
→ Having learnt about …, the students started collecting …
Activity 5: Combine the sentences, using the perfect gerunds.
Example:
0. In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most trees in the schoolyard. They were praised for that.
→ The students in Group 11G were praised for
having planted the most trees in the schoolyard in the TPC.
Comprehension questions:
What does “they” replace for?
the students in Group 11G
What were they praised for?
planting the most trees in …
Does “planting the most trees” happen before or after “being praised”?
Activity 5: Combine the sentences, using the perfect gerunds.
1. Tony had rescued the kids from the fire. People admired him for that.
2. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park. The police suspected Mike of doing it.
3. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it.
4. You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals. Thank you for that.
5. They had hunted and killed many wild animals. Later they regretted what they had done.
6. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. It was heavily fined for that.
7. Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. He was rewarded for that.
8. I have seen him before. I remember that.
9. `You`ve lied to us,` the villagers said. The politician denied it.
10. Thanh had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before he left his house. He admitted that.
11. Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. She was strongly criticized for that.
12. Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job. He regretted it.
Activity 5: Combine the sentences, using the perfect gerund.
1. Tony had rescued the kids from the fire. People admired him for that.
2. Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park. The police suspected Mike of doing it.
3. He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach. He denied it.
4. You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals. Thank you for that.
5. They had hunted and killed many wild animals. Later they regretted what they had done.
6. The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. It was heavily fined for that.
→ People admired Tony for having rescued the kids …
→ The police suspected Mike of having cut down …
→ He denied having dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach.
→ They regretted having hunted and killed …
→ The factory was heavily fined for having dumped ...
→ Thank you for having saved the lives of … wild animals.
Activity 5: Combine the sentences, using the perfect gerund.
7. Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities. He was rewarded for that.
8. I have seen him before. I remember that.

9. `You`ve lied to us,` the villagers said. The politician denied it.
10. Thanh had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before he left his house. He admitted that.
11. Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach. She was strongly criticized for that.
12. Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job. He regretted it.
→ Denis was rewarded for having taken an active part …
→ I remember having seen him before.
→ The politician denied having lied to the villagers.
→ Thanh admitted having forgotten to turn off ...
→ Tonya was strongly criticized for having dumped ...
→ Sam regretted not having worked hard enough …
Practise the activities again.