CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
I. Các câu Đk cơ bản:
1. Câu đk chỉ khả năng: Dùng để diễn đạt một sự kiện có thể hoặc không thể xảy
ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Loại I:

If + S + V( simple) + O, S + Will/ can +V (o) + 0

a. Hiện tại:
Eg: If water is frozen, it expands
If you are right, I am wrong.
If you help me, I will help you.
b. Tương lai:
Eg: If it's a fine day tomorrow, we'll go for a picnic.
2. Câu giả thiết: để giả thiết một sự việc trái với hiện tại hoặc ko thể xảy ra
trong tương lai, hoặc đã ko xảy ra trong quá khứ.
a. Diễn tả tình huống ko có thực ở hiện tại
Loại II: If + S + V ( past simple) + O , S + would/ could/ might ( not) + V (o) + O

Eg: If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.
* "To be" tất cả các ngôi là: were
Eg: If I were you, I wouldn't do that.
Eg: If you were to come tomorrow, I might have time to see you.
b. Diễn tả tình huống ko có thật xảy ra trong quá khứ:
Loại III: If + S + had( not) + V (PII) + O, S + would/ could/ might ( not)+ have
+ V( PII) + O
Eg: If you had asked me, I would have helped you.
If it had not rained, I might have come.

II. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp (mix condition):
1. Loại 1: nó kết hợp của câu đk loại 3 và câu đk loại 2
- Ta dùng câu đk hộn hợp loại 1 để diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược với quá khứ,
nhưng kết quả thì trái ngược với hiện tại:
Form: If + S + had + P2/Ved, S + would + Vo
Eg. If he had worked harder at school, he would be a student now.
Eg. If I had taken his advice, I would be rich now.

2. loại 2: là sự kết hợp của câu đk loại 2 và câu đk loại 3
- Ta dùng câu đk hỗn hợp loại 2 này để diễn tả giả thiết trái ngược với hiện
tại, còn kết quả trái ngược với quá khứ
Form: If + S + Ved/cột 2 , S + would + have + P2/Ved
Eg: If he were a good student, he would have learnt for the exams.
Eg. If I were you, I would have learned English earlier
Eg. If he didn't love her, he wouldn't have married her.

III. Câu đk dạng đảo ngữ ko có "If":
1. Loại I:
- If someone calls, please take a message.
=> Should someone call , please take a message.
- If you tell me the truth, I can help you.
=> Should you tell me the truth, I can help you.
2. Loại II:
- If I were you , I would eat less.
=> Were I you, I would eat less.

- If I had enough money, I would buy a new car .
=> Were I to have enough money, I would buy a new car.
3. Loại III:
- If you had asked me for advice, I would have helped you.
=> Had you asked me for advice, I would have helped you.
- If I had not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed in it.
=> Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed in it.

IV. Các dạng đặc biệt của câu điều kiện:
1. If .............not = Unless.(trừ khi)
- If you don't hurry, you'll be late for school.
=> Unless you hurry, you'll be late for school.
2. - As long as
- So long as
- Provided that
+ Clause:
- Providing that
(miễn là/ với điều kiện là)
- On condition that
Eg: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car.
Eg. Provided that you had to use carefully, I would lend you

3. Supposed/ supposing + Clause: (giả sử )
Eg: If the plane is late, what will you do?
=> Supposed the plane is late, What will you do?
4. Without: (không)
Eg: I wouldn't have finished it on time if you hadn't helped me.
=> Without your help, I wouldn't have finished it on time.
5. But:
Eg: I would have gone with you if I had had time.
=> I would have gone with you, but I didn't have time.
Eg: She would buy that house if she had enough money.
=> She would buy that house, but she doesn't have enough money.
6. But for: ( Nếu ko có)
If it weren't for + Noun/ the fact that + clause
If it hadn't been for + Noun/ the fact that + clause

- Loại II:
Eg: If it weren't for friends, our life would be meaningless.
= But for friends, our life would be meaningless.

- Loại III:
Eg: If hadn't been for the storm, we would have had good crops.
= But for the storm, we would have had good crops.
7. If only = wish (giá như mà)
- If only he comes on time, I will love him.
- If only it didn't rain, I would go out with my girl friend
- If only I had had money, I would have bought it.
8. Only if (chỉ nếu như)
- You will get a good job only if you have university education.
= Only if you have university education, will/ can you get a good job.
9. Otherwise = or (hoặc)
- If you don't take a taxi, you will be late.
= Take a taxi; otherwise/ or; you will be late.

EXCERCISE
I/ Rewrite these sentences as directed:
1. She didn't get up early so she was late for the meeting.
-> If........................................................................................................................
2. I lost the way to come back the hotel because I hadn't got the map of this city.
-> If.......................................................................................................................
3. Because of the heavy rain, we came to the class late.
-> If.................................................................................................................
4. She felt so tired and she couldn't go to the cinema with us.
-> If........................................................................................................................
5. My father went to work yesterday so he didn't know what happened to me.
-> If........................................................................................................................
6. The teacher's question was so difficult that I can't answer.
-> If........................................................................................................................
7. He missed the first bus because he didn't start earlier.
-> If.........................................................................................................................

1. She failed the final exam because she didn't learn hard.
-> If.......................................................................................................................
2. Because you don't stop immediately, you can not call your teacher.
-> If........................................................................................................................
3. I couldn't phone Alice because I didn't know her telephone number.
-> If........................................................................................................................
4. I don't know their decision so I can't tell them.
-> If........................................................................................................................
5. The weather is so hot that we can't go out .
-> If........................................................................................................................
6. She came late and she couldn't meet him.
-> If........................................................................................................................
7. Without the sun, man would live in the darkness.
-> If........................................................................................................................
8. Smoking makes him so weak.
-> If........................................................................................................................
9. I didn't watch TV last night because I was busy.
-> If........................................................................................................................
10. Stop talking or you won't finish the work on time.
-> If.......................................................................................................................
18. He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night.
-> If........................................................................................................................

II/ Find out the mistakes:
1. If you don't try your best, you would fail the next exam.
A
B
C
D
2. Unless you did all of the exercises given by the teacher, you won't be punished.
A
B
C
D
3. She had had more good marks if she had prepared the lesson carefully.
A
B
C
D
4. If your mother bought you a dictionary, you can learn English better.
A
B
C
D
5. If yesterday I stayed at home, I will not be tired today.
A
B
C
D
6. Unless they come early, they will meet him at the meeting.
A
B
C
D
7. Had you review all the lesson carefully, you would have passed the exam.
A
B
C
D
8. Should you wanted to attend the course of English, let me know.
A
B
C
D

III/ Find right form of verb:
1. You are late. If you _________ (come) a few minutes earlier, you __________
(meet) him.
2. If there are no subjunctive mood, English ________ (be) much easier.
3. I'd have gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I ________ (have) time.
4. What would you do if you _________ (win) a million pounds?
5. If you didn't do this, you __________ (be) punished.
6. If he had told me the truth, I __________ (punish) him.
7. “What do you think about the U.S?”
“If I had known it was so industrialized. I _________ (be)come here”
8. If they had not given me advice, I __________ (fail) again.
9. If it _________ (rain) the match will be postponed
10. I would have met you at the bus terminal if I _______ (know)that you were
arriving.
11. If there ______ (be) no floods last year, the crop __________ (be)better.
12. I don't have enough time. If I ________ (have) more time, I _______ (come) to
see you.
13. Peter failed the final exam. If he ________(work) harder, he __________
(succeed)
14. If he ________ (be) taller, he ________ (be) able to join the police.
15. If I had known it would rain, I ________(take) my umbrella.

IV. Rewrite the following sentences:
1. I don't know your address, so I can't write you a letter.
=> If ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. I live in a countryside because I don't have a house in the city.
=> If ………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. If you don't start early, you will miss the train.
=> Unless…………………………………………………………………………......................
4. She didn't call me last night because she didn't know my phone number.
=> If…………………………………………………………….......................................................
5. They cancelled the trip because it rained heavily.
=> If ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. He is overweight. He eats too much
=> If ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. The room is cold because they leave the door open.
=> If ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. Unless she works hard, she will fail the next exam.
=> If…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. I didn't buy a bicycle because I didn't have enough money.
=> I would……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. You got into so much trouble because you didn't listen to me.
=> Had……………………………………………………………………………………………….