COLLOCATIONS
Thế nào là sự kết hợp từ tự nhiên? (What are collocations?)

ocations là sự kết hợp các từ theo tập quán, qui ước (conventional word combinations),
gọi cách khác là sự kết hợp từ tự nhiên.

úng ta có thể nói: "a burning desire" (một khao khát cuồng nhiệt) hay
blazing row" (một chuỗi, hàng sáng rực)... nhưng ta không nói: "a blazing desire" hay
burning row". Một ai đó có thể là "a heavy smoker" (một tay nghiện thuốc lá nặng)
c "a devoted friend" (một bằng hữu tận tụy) nhưng không thể nói, "a devoted smoker"
c "a heavy friend". Theo ngữ nghĩa thì những cách dùng từ như trên cũng được xem
hững cấu trúc đặc biệt của Anh ngữ.
2. Các dạng kết hợp từ tự nhiên (Types of Collocation)

A. Tính từ + Danh Từ (Adjectives and Nouns)
Chúng ta cần chú ý rằng, có nhiều tính từ được sử dụng với những danh từ cụ
thể.
e. g. Jean always wears red or yellow or some other bright color.

     Unemployment is a major problem for the government at the moment.
     Improving the health service is another key issue for the government.

. Danh từ + Động Từ hoặc Động Từ + Danh từ (Nouns and Verbs)
Ta hãy để ý cách kết hợp danh từ và động từ trong câu. Tất cả các ví dụ sau đây đều
liên quan đến kinh tế học và thương mại

     e. g. - The economy boomed in the 1990s. (the economy was very strong )

     - The company has grown and now employs 50 more people than

last year.
- The company has expanded and now has branches in most major cities.
    The company launched the product in 2002. (introduced the product)

C. Giữa các danh từ (a + Noun + of + Noun)

   Có rất nhiều sự kết hợp tự nhiên dựa trên mẫu: a... of...

     e. g. - As Sam read the lies about him, he felt a surge of anger. (nói một
cách văn chương: a sudden angry feeling)

     - Every parent feels a sense of pride when their child does well or wins
something.
Động từ và những đặc ngữ với giới từ. (Verbs and Expressions With Prep
Một số động từ liên kết với đặc ngữ (gồm giới từ + danh từ) cụ thể để tạo sự
kết hợp tự nhiên.

e. g. As Jack went on stage to receive his gold medal for the judo
competition you could see his parents swelling with pride. (looking
extremely proud)
     I was filled with horror when I read the newspaper report of the
explosion.
. Động từ và Phó từ (Verbs and Adverbs)

- She pulled steadily on the rope and helped him to safety. (pulled firmly and
evenly)
- He placed the beautiful vase gently on the window ledge.

    - She smiled proudly as she looked at the photos of her new
grandson.
. Phó từ + Tính từ (Adverbs and Adjectives)
- They are happily married.
- I am fully aware that there are serious problems.

MỘT SỐ VÍ DỤ VỚI 1 SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ
 MAKE

- make arrangements for:
e. g. The school can make arrangements for pupils with special
needs.
- make a change / changes:
  e. g. The new manager is planning to make some
changes.
- make a choice:
  e. g. Jill had to make a choice between her career and her
family.
- make a comment / comments (on):
e. g. Would anyone like to make any comments on the

- make a contribution to:
e. g. She made a useful contribution to the discussion.
- make a decision:
e. g. I'm glad it's you who has to make the decision, not me.
- make an effort:
e. g. Joe is really making an effort with his maths this term.
- make friends:
  e. g. Karen is very good at making friends.
- make an improvement:
  e. g. Repainting the room has really made an
improvement.
- make a mistake:
e. g. They've made a mistake in our bill.
- make a phone call:
  e. g. I've got to make some phone calls before dinner.
- make progress:
  e. g. Harriet is making progress with all her

- make noise:

e. g. Stop making noise!

- make a journey/ a trip / journeys:
e. g. I still use my car, but now I make fewer journeys.
- make a promise:

e. g. She made a promise to visit them once a
month.
- make an inquiry / inquiries: đòi hỏi, yêu cầu, hỏi để
e. g. biết
I don't know who sent the gift, but I'll make some
inquiries.
- make a remark: bình luận, nhận xét.
  e. g. The Senator denied making the
remark.
- make a speech:
e. g. Each child had to make a short speech to the rest of
the class.
- make a fuss of / over someone: lộ vẻ quan tâm

e. g. They made a great fuss of the new baby.
- make a fuss / kick up a fuss (about something): cằn nhằn tức giận,
nàn
  e. g.phàn
Josie made
a fuss / kicked up a fuss because the soup was too
salty.- make a plan / plans:  
e. g. We need to make plans for the
future.

- make a demand / demands (on):  
e. g. Flying makes enormous demands on pilots.

- make an exception: tạo ngoại lệ, cho phẫp một
ngoại
lệ  are not usually allowed in, but I'm prepared to make an exception in
 e. g.
Children

this case.
ake cũng thông dụng với nghĩa: làm, tạo ra, chế tạo ra; như khi ta nói "make a bicycle
ế tạo ra chiếc xe đạp), "make a cake" (nướng, làm ra cái bánh),...
 

DO
- do your best:
- do damage (to):

  e. g. All that matters in the exam is to do your
best.

  e. g. The storm did some damage to our roof.

- do an experiment:
  e. g. We are doing an experiment to test how the metal reacts
with water.

- do exercises:

  e. g. We'll do some exercises practicing these collocations
tomorrow.

- do someone a good turn / do someone a favor: làm việc tốt, làm ân
huệ
  e. g. Scouts and guides are supposed to do someone a good
turn every day.
- do harm:
e. g. Changing the rules may do more harm than good .

- do your hair:

  e. g. No, I'm not ready. I haven't done my

hair yet
- do your homework:   e. g. My son has to do his homework straight after school.

 do the ironing / shopping / washing, etc.:
  e. g. I'll do the washing if you do the ironing.
- do research:

e. g. I'm still doing research for my thesis.

- do a / the crossword: giải ô chữ     e. g. I like doing the crossword.
HAVE
- have an accident: gặp tai nạn.   e. g. Mr. Grey had an accident last night but he's OK now.
- have an argument / a row:
- have a break:

  e. g. We had an argument / a row about how to fix the car.
  e. g. Let's have a break when you finish this exercise.

- have a conversation / chat: e. g. I hope we'll have time to have a chat after the meeting.
- have difficulty (in) (doing something):
  e. g. The class had difficulty understanding what to do.
- have a dream / nightmare:
- have an experience

  e. g. I had a nightmare last night.

  e. g. I had a frightening experience the other day.

- have a
e. g. I have a feeling that something is wrong.
feeling
- have fun / a good time:   e. g. I'm sure you'll have fun on the school trip.
- have a look:
- have a party

e. g. The teacher wanted to have a look at what we were doing.
  e. g. Let's have a party at the end of term

- have a problem / problems (with):
  e. g. Ask the teacher if you have problems with the exer
- have a try / go: thử   e. g. I'll explain what to do and then you can have a go / try.
TAKE
- take a holiday:
- take a trip:

  e. g. We're so glad we decided to take a holiday here.
  e. g. Yesterday we took a trip to the mountains.

- take a train / bus:
e. g. First we took a train to a little town and then we took a bus going to various villages.

- take a liking to: thấy hứng thú, thấy thích thú
  e. g. We got off when we saw one that we took a liking to.
- take an interest in:   e. g. Some kids took an interest in us.
- take a photo / photos:   e. g. We took a lot of photos.

- take a chance: mạo hiểm
- take a dislike to:

e. g. I'd take a chance and leave if I were you.
  e. g. The boss has taken a dislike to you.

- take advantage of:
e. g. Take advantage of being in London - there are always plenty of jobs there.
- take action:   e. g. You'll soon find something else, so take action, that's my advice!
PAY
- pay attention to:

e. g. You must pay attention to the teacher.

- pay (someone) a compliment:
  e. g. I was trying to pay her a compliment but she misunderstood.
- pay your (last) respects: cầu chúc kính cẩn
  e. g. At a funeral people pay their last respects to the person who has died.

- pay tribute: bài tỏ lòng kính ngưỡng
e. g. When Jack retired, his boss made a speech paying tribute to all he had done for the company.

Exercise 1: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer.
1.“How was your exam?” “A couple of questions were tricky, but on the _____ it was
pretty easy. ”
A. spot
B. general
C. hand
D. whole
2.If you practice regularly, you can learn this language skill in short _______ of a time.
A. period
B. aspect
C. arrangement D. activity
3.Students can _______ a lot of information just by taking an active part in class.
A. concern
B. install
C. appear
D. memorize
4.A few years ago, a fire _____ much of an overcrowded part of the city.
A. battled
B. devastated
C. mopped
D. developed
5. I have learned a lot about the value of labour form my _______ at home.
A. credit
B. energy
C. chores
D. pot plants
6. Although he tried to hide it, it was ______that Peter didn't like his birthday present.
A. foolish
B. basic
C. obvious
D. vigorous
7. Environmental groups try to stop farmers from using harmful ________ on their crops.
A. economy
B. agriculate
C. investments
D. chemicals
8. If you ______ too much on study, you will get tired and stressed.
A. concentrate B. develop
C. organize
D. complain
9. Good heath and methods of study are very necessary, or _______ for success in
college.
A. avaible
B. dependable
C. essential
D. efficicient
10. In order to _______ their goals in college, students need to invest the maximum
amount
of time, money, and energy in their studies.
A. manage
B. catch
C. establish
D. achieve

ercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer.
Before choosing a job, you should take into consideration several_______ including
he supply and demand for professionals in any particular field.
. turns
B. factors
C. ramarks
D. sides
The Business Advisory Council has been specially designed for those in ________ of advice
out setting up new businesses.
. absence
B. duty
C. want
D. need
The city has ________ of young consumers who are sensitive to trends, and can, therefore,
lp industries predict the potential risks and success of products.
. a high rate
B. a high proportion C. a high tendency
D. a great level
Don't ________ to conclusions, we don't yet know all the relevant facts.
. hurry
B. jump
C. rush
D. run
wonder if you could _______ me a small favour, Tom?
. bring
B. make
C. give
D. do
Scientists warn that many of the world's great cities are _______ flooding.
. being
B. at risk
C. in danger of
D. endangered
The boy's strange behavior aroused the ______ of the shop assistant.
. thought
B. consideration C. expectations D. suspicions
The young should _____themselves in social activities.
. determine
B. serve
C. involve
D. promote.
know from ________that everything will be all right.
. conscience
B. experience
C. wisdom
D. care
. Your second essay ______improvement on the first one.
. showed
B. made
C. cast
D. presented

ercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer
The Women's World Cup is _______ in popularity.
. competing
B. establishing
C. advancing
D. growing
Our class team has won four ______ football matches.
. successful
B. unsuccessful C. success
D. successive
We interviewed a number of candidates built none of them _______ us.
. enlivened
B. encouraged
C. delighted
D. impressed.
___________ to British universities depends on examination results.
. Admission
B. Admittance
C. Permission
D. Permit
I prefer _______jobs because I don't like keep on moving and changing all the time.
. demanding B. challenging
C. steady
D. secure
The investment has had _______ on the development of our project.
. results
B. progress
C. interruptions D. effects
In China, there are still a lot of ____ families sharing the same house.
. extent
B. extension
C. extended
D. extensive
The deadline is coming, and we still have a lot of _______ problems.
. unsolving
B. unsolved
C. insolved
D. solving
He received a medal in _________ to his bravery.
. turns
B. response
C. favour
D. reward
. He left the country _______ arrest of he retured.
. in fear that
B. with fear of
C. under threat of
D. with threat of